12 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



chloroform and sulphuric ether, are frequently administered in this way. 

 If a cloth is saturated with chloroform or sulphuric ether and applied to 

 one of the animal's nostrils while the other nostril breathes air, the vapor 

 of either of the before-mentioned agents will pass through the nostrils 

 into the lungs, but the wet cloth applied to the nostril should be cov- 

 ered with a dry one, folded several times on itself, so as to prevent the 

 vapor escaping into the air. This medicinal treatment may alsobe applied 

 in verminous bronchitis above mentioned, and it is also employed by 

 surgeons to prevent an animal feeling the pain which attends an ope- 

 ration, though in the latter case the administration of the vapor must 

 be carried to the extent of producing insensibility, and should only be 

 applied for this purpose by a veterinarian. 



Insufflation. The agent to be employed in insufflation must be in the 

 form of a fine powder, which is blown up the animal's nostrils. This 

 mode of treatment is seldom employed in cattle diseases. 



BY THE WINDPIPE. 



The method of injecting medicines into the windpipe should only be 

 applied by veterinarians. 



BY THE VEINS. 



What is termed intravenous injection, or th injection of medicinal 

 agents into the veins, is not much practiced, and should only be resorted 

 to by veterinarians. 



BY THE SKIN. 



Rubbing the agent on the skin. This method of applying medicine is 

 practiced chiefly in parasitic diseases, and the end aimed at is to destroy 

 the parasite whether it be of an animal or a vegetable nature. In mak- 

 ing such applications that form of ointment which will enable the opera- 

 tor by rubbing to work the medicinal agent thoroughly into the skin 

 should be preferred. In applying an ointment to the skin of cattle it 

 is desirable to avoid the use of poisonous materials, such as mercury 

 and arsenic. Instances have frequently happened in which, when poi- 

 sonous ingredients have been used in making an ointment, that the ani- 

 mals have licked themselves after it has been applied, and have conse- 

 quently been poisoned. Another source of danger when poisonous 

 ointments or solutions are employed is that animals affected with a skin 

 disease frequently present raw patches of skin on different parts of 

 their bodies, and it has frequently been found that when the solution 

 or ointment is applied on such raw surfaces absorption takes place, 

 and dangerous and even fatal results are rapidly produced. The treat 

 meut of skin diseases not unfrequently is unsuccessful owing to the fail- 

 ure to wash the skin well with soap and water so as to remove scabs 

 and thus to allow the ointment to be applied thoroughly to the affected 

 parts. When animals are affected with neuralgic or irritating forms of 



