52 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 







tained, and then a probe-pointed knife inserted between the imprisoned 

 bowel and b and compressing it, and turned outward against the band, 

 the latter being then cautiously divided and the imprisoned gut allowed 

 to escape, or, if necessary, the bowel should be drawn gently from its 

 position into the abdomen. The wound in the flank must be brought 

 together in the same way as in the case of the wound made in operat- 

 ing for inipaction of the rumen. 



WOUNDS OF' THE ABDOMEN. 



A wound of the abdomen may merely penetrate the skin, but as such 

 cases are not attended with much danger, nor their treatment with 

 much difficulty, we propose to consider here merely those wounds 

 which penetrate the entire thickness of the abdominal walls and expose 

 to a greater, or less extent the organs contained in that cavity. 



Causes. Such accidents may be occasioned by animals falling on 

 fragments of broken glass or other sharp objects. A blow from the 

 horn of another animal may produce a wound which penetrates the 

 abdomen. Exposure and protrusion of some of the abdominal organs 

 may also be occasioned by the incautious use of caustics in the treat- 

 ment of umbilical or ventral hernia. The parts which generally escape 

 through an abdominal wound are the small intestine and floating colon. 



Symptoms. When the abdominal wound is small, the bowel exposed 

 presents the appearance of a small round tumor, but in a few moments 

 a loop of intestine may emerge from the opening. The animal then 

 shows symptoms of severe pain by pawing with his feet, which has the 

 effect of accelerating the passage of new loops of intestine through the 

 wound, so that the mass which they form may even touch the ground. 

 The pain becomes so great that the ox now not only paws but lies down 

 and rolls, thus tearing and crushing his bowels. In such cases it is 

 best to slaughter the animal at once; but in the case of a valuable 

 animal in which tearing and crushing of the bowels has not taken 

 place, the bowels should be returned and the wounds in the muscle and 

 skin brought together in a manner somewhat similar to that which was 

 described in speaking of ventral hernia. 



DISEASES OF THE LIVER AND SPLEEN. 



JAUNDICE THE YELLOWS CONGESTION OF THE LIVER. 



[Plate iv.] 



When jaundice exists there is a yellow appearance of the white of 

 the eyes, and of the mucous membrane of the mouth. A similar aspect 

 of the skin may also be observed in animals which are either partly or 

 altogether covered with white hair. Jaundice is then merely a symp- 

 tom of disease and ought to direct attention to ascertaining if possible 

 the cause or causes which have given rise to it. A swollen condition 

 of the mucous membrane of that part of the bowel called the duodenum 

 may produce jaundice, as that mechanically closes the orifice of thebil- 



