DISEASES OF THE HEART AND BLOOD-VESSELS. 97 



of an aneurism of a large artery, owing to internal hemorrhage. A false 

 aneurism results from blood escaping from a wounded artery into the 

 adjacent tissue, where it clots, and the wound, remaining open in the 

 artery, causes pulsation in the tumor. 



INFLAMMATION OF VEINS PHLEBITIS. 



When bleeding is performed without proper care, or with unclean 

 fleam or lancet, inflammation of the vein may result. It may be caused 

 by the animal rubbing the wound against some object. When inflamma- 

 tion follows the operation the coats of the vein Jbecome enlarged, so 

 much so that the vessel may be felt hard and knotted beneath the 

 skin, and when pressed on pain is evinced. A thin, watery discharge, 

 tinged with blood, is&ies from the wound. When the pin is ta&en out 

 it is found that the wound has not healed. The blood becomes coagu- 

 lated in the vessel. In inflammation of the jugular the coagulation 

 extends from the wound upward to the first large branch. Abscesses 

 may form along the course of the veiii. The inflammation is followed 

 by obliteration of that part in which coagulation exists. This is of 

 small import, as cattle have an accessory jugular vein which gradually 

 enlarges and accommodates itself to the increased quantity of blood 

 it must carry. (The existence of this accessory jugular vein is the rea- 

 son why only a small stream of blood is obtained in certain instances; 

 when the large jugular vein is opened, the blood flows through the 

 deeper seated collateral vessel.) The treatment for inflammation of 

 the vein is to clip the hair from along the course of the affected vessel 

 ami apply a blister, the cerate of cantharides. Abscesses should be 

 opened as soon as they form, because there is a possibility of the pus 

 grtting into the circulation. 



In the operation of bleeding the instruments should be clean and free 

 from rust. If the skin is not sufficiently opened, or when closing the 

 wound the skin is drawn out too much, blood may accumulate in the 

 ti-^ue, and if it does it should be removed by pressing absorbent cotton 

 or a sponge on the part. Care should also be used in opening the vein, 

 so that the instrument does not pass entirely through both sides of the 

 vein, and open the artery beneath it. (See Bleeding or Blood-letting, 

 p. 307.) 



VAKICOSE VEINS. 



The following quotation is from Prof. Williams's Veterinary Surgery: 



Tho veins of tho extremities of horned cattlo present varieoso dilatations along 

 their course in the form of Hacciil.itcd or knotty protuberances on various parts of the 

 Vf.Mx-N; tho contained bloo<l is at first in n fluid Btato, hut nu alteration not unfro- 

 quently occurs, tho blood coagulates, and thn vessel become-* obstructed. The for- 

 mation of those congula is an effect of inflammation in thn coats of the vein; this 

 inflammation may bo alight or it may run on to suppuration, giving rise to Hinall 

 *<<. I liavo repeatedly met with this form of phlebitis in cattle underfed nnd 



7 



