104 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



become impaired; there is variable temperature of the horns and ears. 

 If in a cow giving milk, the secretion diminishes; the mucus from the 

 eyes and nose becomes thicker and yellower. Afterwards, as the symp- 

 toms increase in severity, the discharge becomes mucopurulent. 



Treatment. The animal should be housed in a well-ventilated place, 

 with good hygienic surroundings. In cold and damp weather it 

 should be kept warm with blanketing. Give hot, medicated inhal- 

 ations in severe cases. If the fever is high this may be reduced by 

 giving nitrate of potassium, from 1 to 2 ounces, in the drinking water, 

 three times daily. Diffusible stimulants are beneficial in most cases. 

 Too much importance can not be attached to good nursing. There is 

 no necessity to resort to the old system of bleeding, purging, or the use 

 of powerful sedatives. 



EPISTAXIS BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE. 



Bleeding from the nostrils is rather rare in cattle. It may arise 

 from any one of a variety of causes, but usually results from disease or 

 injury to the mucous membranes, or to violent exertions in coughing and 

 sneezing. It is seldom serious. The bleeding generally occurs in 

 drops from one nostril only, accompanied by sneezing, and without 

 frothing. Bleeding from the lungs comes from both nostrils, is bright 

 red, frothy, and accompanied by a cough. 



Treatment. In many cases the bleeding will cease spontaneously, 

 and all that is necessary is to keep the animal quiet and bathe the head 

 and nostrils with cold water. Ascertain the cause of the bleeding and 

 be governed accordingly in the treatment. In severe and exceptional 

 cases, where the hemorrhage is persistent and long continued, tie the 

 animal's head to a high rack or beam and apply cold water, ice, or have 

 recourse to styptic injections. If the hemorrhage is profuse and per- 

 sistent give either a drench composed of 1 drams of acetate of lead 

 dissolved in a pint of water, or 1 drams of gallic acid dissolved in a 

 pint of water. 



LARYNGITIS SORE THROAT. 



Laryngitis consists of an inflammation of the mucous membrane lin- ' 

 ing the larynx. It may be either a primary or a secondary disease, 

 complicated or uncomplicated. In the majority of cases it is due to 

 some form of exposure, a sudden change from warm to cold surround- 

 ings, or exposure to cold storms. It may also arise from inhaling 

 irritating gases. It may be the result of external violence. In an acute 

 attack of laryngitis there is an elevation of temperature, pain on pres- 

 sure over the region of larynx, violent paroxysms of coughing, difficult,, 

 and noisy respiration. The nostrils are dilated, the nose extended, and 

 the animal has a frightened expression. There is marked difficulty in 

 swallowing. 



