DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 143 



gravel ill the kidneys are entirely freed from this condition by a run at 

 grass, or by an exclusive diet of roots or swill. In other cases, how- 

 ever, the health and condition suffer, and even inflammation of the kid- 

 neys may occur. 



The treatment is mainly in the change of diet to a more solid aliment 

 destitute of the special offensive ingredient. Boiled flaxseed is often 

 the best diet or addition to the wholesome dry food, and by way of 

 medicine, doses of 2 drams each of sulphate of iron and iodide of potas- 

 sium may be given twice daily. In obstinate cases, 2 drams ergot of 

 rye or of catechu may be added. 



BLOODY URINE BED-WATER MOOR-ILL WOOD-ILL HJEMATURIA 



HJEMAGLOBINURIA. 



This is a common affection among cattle in certain localities, above 

 all on damp, undrained lands, and under a backward agriculture. It 

 is simple bloody urine or hrematuria when the blood is found in clots, 

 or when under the microscope the blood globules can be detected as 

 distinctly rounded flattened discs. It is smoky urine hamiaglobinu- 

 ria when no such distinct clots nor blood discs can be found, but 

 merely a general browning, reddening or blackening of the urine by 

 the presence of dissolved blood- coloring matter. The bloody urine is 

 the more direct result of structural disease of the kidneys or urinary 

 ;iges (inflammation, stone, gravel, tumors, hydatids, kidney worms, 

 sprains of the loins), while the stained urine (ha>maglobinuria) is usually 

 the result of some general or more distant disorder in which the glob- 

 uli-s are destroyed in the circulating blood and the coloring matter 

 dissolved in and diffused through the whole mass of the blood and of 

 the urine secreted from it. As in the two forms, blood, and the ele- 

 ments of blood, escape into the urine, albumen is always present, HO that 

 there is allmminuria with blood-coloring matter superadded. If due to 

 stone -or gravel, gritty particles are usually passed, and may be detected 

 in the bottom of a dish in which the liquid is caught. If due to frac- 

 ture or severe sprain of the loins it is likely to be associated not only 

 with some loss of control over the hind limbs, and with staggering 

 l>ehind, but also with a more or less perfect paralysis of the tail. The 

 blood- stained urine without rod globules results from specific diseases, 

 Texas fever (Plate XLIII, Fig. 3), anthrax, and from eating irritant plants 

 (broom, savin, mercury, hellebore, ranunculus, convolvulus, colchicum, 

 oak shoots, ash, privet, hazel, hornbeam, and other astringent, acrid, or 

 resinous plants, etc.). The Maybug or Spanish fly taken with the food 

 or spread over a great extent of skin :is a blister has a similar action. 

 Frosted turnips or other roots will bring on the affection in some sub 

 jects. Among conditions which art by the direct destruction of the 

 globules in the circulating blood, may be named an excess of water in 

 that fluid; the use of water from soils rich in clcconi]>osmg vegetable 

 matter, and containing alkaline salts, particularly nitrites, and the 



