DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 205 



ments of St. Hilaire and Valentine in varnishing, shaking, or otherwise 

 disturbing the connections of eggs, and thereby producing monstrosities. 

 One can easily understand how inflammations and other causes of dis- 

 turbed circulation in the womb, fetal membranes, or fetus would cause 

 similar distortions and variations in the growing offspring. It is doubt- 

 less largely in the same way that certain mental disturbances of a very 

 susceptible dam affect the appearance of the progeny. The monstros- 

 ities which seriously interfere with calving are mainly such as consist 

 in extra members or head, which can not be admitted into the passages 

 at the same time; where some organ of the body has attained to extra 

 size ; where a blighted ovum has been inclosed in the body of a more 

 perfect one, or where the body or limbs are so contracted or twisted 

 that the calf must enter the passages doubled up. 



Extraction is sometimes possible by straightening the distorted mem- 

 bers by the force of traction; in other cases the muscles or tendons 

 must be cut across on the side to which the body or limbs are bent, to 

 allow of such straightening. Thus the muscles on the concave side of 

 a wry neck, or the cords behind the shank bones of a contracted limb 

 may be cut to allow of these parts being brought into the passages, and 

 there will still be wanting the methods demanded for bringing up 

 missing limbs or head, for which see paragraphs below. In most cases 

 of monstrosity by excess of overgrowth it becomes necessary to cut off 

 the supernumerary or overdeveloped parts, and in this the same genera' 

 principles must be followed as laid down in Embryotomy. 



TABLE OF WRONG PRESENTATIONS OF THE CALF. 



Simultaneous presentation of twins. 



Liuibs curved at the knee. Flexor tendons shortened. 

 Limb crossed over the hack of the neck. 



a 

 S-3 



Fore limbs , Limh bent 1)a<>] _ at lho 



Head 



Limb bent back from tho shoulder. 



Head bent downward on the neck. 



Head and neck turned downward beneath the breast. 



Head turned to one side upon the side of the neck. 



Head and neck turned back on the side of the chest and 



abdomen. 

 r Head turned upward au<l l>.u k\\ ;nl on the back. 



[ Hind limbs rotated outward. Toes and stilles turned out- 

 Hind limbs | ward. 



( Hind limbs bent forward, their feet resting in tl^' pelvis. 



Transverse Hack of the calf turned to the right or left side. 



i Hark of the calf turned to the floor of the pelvis and 



Inverted i udder. 



I Hind limb bent on itself at the hock. Hock and buttocks 



^^ Hind limbs \ present. 



I Hind limb bent at the hips. Huttocks present. 



o I Transverse Hack of calf turned to tho right or left side. 



\ Inverted Hack of calf turned to the Hour of the pel\ is and udder. 



