DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 207 



ranee in the way of traction on the limbs. If this can not be 

 accomplished two courses are open: first, to take the calf as when the 

 back is turned to one side, and, second, to push back the presenting fore 

 limbs and head, and search for and bring up the hind limbs, when the 

 presentation will be a natural posterior one. 



PRESENTATION OF THE HIND FEET WITH THE BACK TURNED TO ONE 



SIDE OR DOWNWARD. 



These are the exact counterparts of the two conditions last described, 

 are beset with similar drawbacks, and are to be dealt with on the same 

 general principles. (Plate xvn, Fig. 4.) With the back turned to one 

 side, the body should be rotated until the back turns toward the spine 

 of the dam, and with the back turned down it must be extracted in 

 that position (care being taken that the feet do not perforate the roof 

 of the vagina), or it must be rotated on its own axis until the back 

 turns upward, or the hind limbs must be pushed back and the fore 

 limbs and head advanced, when the presentation will be a natural 

 anterior one. 



IMPACT ION OF TWINS IN THE PASSAGE. 



It is very rare to have twins enter the passages together so as to 

 become firmly impacted. As a rule each of the twins has its own sep- 

 arate membranes, and as the water-bags of the one will naturally first 

 enter and be the first to burst, so the calf which occupied those mem- 

 branes will be the first to enter the passage and the other will be 

 thereby excluded. When the membranes of both twins have burst 

 without either calf having become engaged in the pelvis, it becomes 

 possible for the fore legs of the one and the hind legs of the other to 

 enter at one time, and if the straining is very violent they may become 

 firmly impacted. (Plate xviu, Fig. 1.) The condition may be recognized 

 by the fact that two of the presenting feet have their fronts turned for- 

 ward, while the two others have their fronts turned backward. If the 

 four feet belonged to one natural calf they would all have the same di- 

 rection, liy means of this difference in direction we can easily select 

 the t\vo feet of one calf, place running nooses upon them just above the 

 hoofs or fetlocks, and have an assistant drag upon the ropes while the 

 feet of the other calf are pushed back. In selecting one of the twins 

 to come first several considerations should have weight. The one that 

 is mortt advanced in the passage is, of course, the first choice. Though 

 the forefeet of one are presented, yet if the head is not in place, the call 

 presenting by its hind feet is to be chosen as Wing less likely to 

 obstruct. Again, if for either calf one limb only in presented and the, 

 other missing, the one presenting two feet should be selected to come 

 first. AH soon as the one calf has been advanced so as to occupy the 

 pelvis, the other will be crowded back so that it will not seriously 

 obstruct. 



