DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 209 



the fore limbs are fully extended, on the contrary, the shoulder blade is 

 extended forward ou the smallest and narrowest part of the chest; the 

 arm bone with its muscles is In great part applied against the side of 

 the back part of the neck, and the forearm is continued forward by the 

 side of the head so that the nose lies between the knees. In this natu- 

 ral presentation the presenting body of the calf forms a long wedge or 

 cone, the increase of which is slow and gradual until it reaches the 

 middle of the chest. 



The difficulty of extending the fore limbs will be in proportion to 

 the advance of the head through the pelvic cavity. In the early stage 

 all that is necessary may be to introduce the oiled hand, the left one 

 for the right leg or the right one for the left, and passing the hand from 

 the knee on to the foot to seize the foot in the palm, bend it forcibly on 

 the fetlock, and lift it up over the brim of the pelvis, the knee being, 

 of course, pressed upward against the spine. As soon as the foot has 

 been raised above the brim of the pelvis (into the passage) the limb 

 can be straightened out with the greatest ease. 



When, however, the shoulders are already engaging in the pelvis 

 the feet can not thus be lifted up, and to gain room a repeller (Plate xx, 

 Fig. 7) must be used to push back the body of the calf. This is an 

 instrument with a long straight stem, divided at the end into two short 

 in -inches (2 to 3 inches long) united to the stem by hinges so that they 

 can be brought into a line with the stem for introduction into the womb 

 and then spread to be implanted in the breast. In the absence of a 

 it jM-ller a smooth round fork-handle maybe used, the prongs having 

 been removed from the other end. A third device is to have an assist- 

 ant strip his arm to the shoulder and, standing back to back with the 

 operator, to introduce his right arm into the passages along with the 

 operator's left (or vice versa) and push back the body of the calf while 

 the operator seeks to bring up a limb. The repeller or staff having 

 been planted safely in the breast of the calf, an assistant pushes upon 

 it in a direction either forward or slightly upward so as not only to fol- 

 low the natural curve of the body and favor its turning in the line of 

 that curve within the womb, but also to carry the shoulders upward 

 toward the Hpine and secure more room for bringing up the missing 

 feet. It is good policy to first put a halter (Plate xxi. Figs. 4n and 4/>) on 

 the head or a noose (Plate xxi, Fig. 3) on the lower jaw and a rope round 

 each limb at the knee so as to provide against the loss of any of these 

 p:n ts when the body is pushed back into the womb. This offers the 

 further advantage that by dragging upon these ropes the body can be 

 advanced in the passage until the foot is reached, when the rope must 

 be slackened and the repeller used to secure room for bringing up the 

 foot. If the cow is lying, the operator should flrst secure the foot on 

 the upper side and then, if necessary, turn the cow on its opposite side 

 so as to bring up the other. 



In using the instruments some precautions are demanded. They 

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