DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 213 



When the head is bent on the shoulder the feet appear in the natural 

 way, but no progress is made, and examination reveals the absence of 

 the nose from between the knees, and farther back from above and 

 between the elbows a smooth rounded mass is felt extending to the 

 right or left, which further examination will identify with the neck. 

 Following the upper border of this the hand reaches the crown of the 

 head witli the ears, and still farther the eyes, or even in a small calf 

 the nose. 



As the bulky head of the calf can not be extracted along with the 

 shoulders it becomes necessary to push back the body of the fetus and 

 straighten out the head and neck. The cow should be laid with its 

 head downhill and with that side up toward which the head is turned. 

 If the throes are very violent, or the womb strongly contracted on the 

 calf, it may be best to seek relaxation by giving chloroform, or 2 ounces 

 of laudanum, or 2 ounces chloral hydrate. If the calf or the passages 

 are dry, sweet oil may be injected, or the whole may be liberally smeared 

 with fresh lard. In the absence of these, warm water rendered slightly 

 slippery by castile soap may be injected into the womb in quantity. 

 Ropes with running nooses are placed on the presenting feet and the 

 oiled hand introduced to find the head. If, now, the fingers can be 

 passed inside the lower jaw bone, and drag the head upward and toward 

 the passage, it unwinds the spiral turn given to the neck in bending 

 back, and greatly improves the chances of bringing forward the nose. 

 If, at first, or if now, the lower jaw can be reached, a noose should be 

 placed around it behind the incisor teeth and traction made upon this 

 so that the head may continue to be turned, forehead up, toward the 

 spine and jaws down, thereby continuing to undo the screw like curve 

 of the neck. If, on the contrary, the nose is dragged upon by a cord 

 passing over the upper border of the neck, the screw-like twist is 

 increased and the resistance of the bones and joints of the neck pre- 

 vents any straightening of the head. As soon as the lower jaw has 

 been seized by the hand or noose, a repeller (Plate xx, Fig. 7), planted on 

 the inside of the elbow or shoulder most distant from the head, should 

 be used to push back the body and turn it in the womb so that the 

 head may be brought nearer to the outlet. In this way the head can 

 usually be brought into position and the further course of delivery will 

 be natural. 



But sometimes the lower jaw can not IK; reached with the hand, and 

 then the orbit or, less desirably, the car, may be availed of. The ear 

 may be pulled by the hand, and by the aid of the repeller on the other 

 shoulder the calf may be so turned that the lower jaw maybe reached 

 and availed of. Better still, a clamp (Plate xvni. Figs. 3 and 4) is firmly 

 fixed on the ear and pulled by a rope, while the repeller is used on the 

 opposite shoulder, and the hand of the operator pulls on the lower 

 border of the neck and lifts it toward the other side. To pull on the 

 upper border of tl e neck is to increase the spiral twist, while to raise 



