214 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



the lower border is to undo it. If the outer orbit can be reached, the 

 fingers may be inserted into it so as to employ traction, or a blunt fin- 

 ger hook (Plate xxi, Fig:. 8) may be used, or a hook with a rope attached, 

 or. finally, a hook on the end of a long staff. Ther, with the assistance 

 of the repeller, the body may be so turned and the head advanced that 

 the lower jaw may be reached and availed of. 



In case not even the ears nor orbit can be reached, a cord should be 

 passed around the neck of the calf as near to the head as possible, and 

 traction made upon that while the opposite shoulder is pushed toward 

 the opposite side by the repeller, assisted by the hand dragging on the 

 lower border of the neck. To aid the hand in passing a rope round the 

 neck a cord-carrier (Plate xxi, Fig. 5) is in use. It fails, however, to 

 help us in the most difficult part of the operation, the passing of the 

 cord down on the deep or farthest side of the neck, and, to remedy this, 

 I have devised a cord-carrier, furnished with a ring at the end, a joint 

 6 or 8 inches from the end, and another ring on the handle, close to this 

 joint. (Plate xx. Fig. 4.) A cord is passed through both rings and a 

 knot tied on its end, just back of the terminal ring. The instrument, 

 straightened out, is inserted until it reaches just beyond the upper 

 border of the neck, when, by dragging on the cord the movable segment 

 is bent down on the farther side of the neck, and is pushed on until it 

 can be felt at its lower border. The hand now seizes the knotted end 

 of the cord beneath the lower border of the neck and pulls it through 

 while the carrier is withdrawn, the cord sliding through its rings. The 

 cord, pushed up as near to the head as possible, is furnished with a 

 running noose by tying the knotted end round the other, or better, the 

 two ends are twisted around each other so as to give a firm hold on the 

 neck without dangerously compressing the blood vessels. By pushing 

 on the opposite shoulder with the repeller, and assisting with the hand 

 on shoulder, breastbone, or lower border of the neck, such a change of 

 position will be secured as will speedily bring the head within reach. 

 Afterward proceed as described above. 



These cases are always trying, but it is very rarely necessary to 

 resort to einbryotomy. When absolutely required first remove one 

 fore limb, and then, if still unsuccessful, the other, after which the 

 head can easily be secured. (See Embryotomy, p. 222.) 



HEAD TURNED UPWARD AKD BACKWARD. 



In this case the face rests upon the spine ; the fore feet appear alone 

 in the passage, but fail to advance, and on examination the rounded 

 inferior border of the neck can be felt, extending upward and back- 

 ward beneath the spine of the dam, and if the calf is not too large the 

 hand may reach the lower jaw or even the muzzle. (Plate xn, Fig. 5.) 



A repeller is planted in the breast and the body of the calf pushed 

 backward and downward so as to make room and bring the head nearer 



