DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 215 



to the passage. Or in some cases the body may be pushed back suf- 

 ficiently by the use of the fore limbs alone. Meanwhile the head is seixed 

 by the ear or the eye socket, or, if it cau be reached, by the lower jaw, 

 and pulled downward into position as space is secured for it. If the 

 hand alone is insufficient the blunt hooks may be inserted in the orbits 

 or in the angle of the month, or a noose may be placed on the lower 

 jaw. and by traction the head will be easily advanced. In case of a 

 large fetus, the head of which is beyond reach, even when traction is 

 made on the limbs, a rope may be passed around the neck and pulled, 

 while the breast-bone is pressed downward and backward by the 

 rcpcller, and soon the change of position will bring the orbit or lower 

 jaw within reach. With the above position the standing position is 

 most favorable for success. But if the calf is placed with its back 

 down toward the udder, and if the head is bent down under the brim 

 of the pelvis, the best position for the cow is on her back, with her 

 head downhill. 



In neglected cases, with death and putrefaction of the fetus and 

 dry ness of the passages, it may be necessary to extract in pieces. (See 

 Embryotomy.) 



OUTWARD DIRECTION OF THE STIFLES ABDUCTION OF HIND LIMBS. 



As an obstacle to parturition, this is rare in cows. It is most likely 

 to take pl;-e in cows with narrow hip bones, and when the service has 

 been PKU le 1 y a bull having great breadth across the quarter. The calf, 

 taking a H er the sire, presents an obstacle to calving in the breadth of its 

 quarters; and if at the same time the toes and stifles are turned exces- 

 sively outward and the hocks inward the combined breadth of the hip 

 bones above and the stifles below may be so great that the pelvis will 

 not easily admit them. After the fore feet, head, and shoulders have all 

 d out through the vulva further progress suddenly and unaccount- 

 ably ceases, and some dragging on the parts already delivered does not 

 serve to bring away the hind parts. The oiled hand introduced along 

 the side of the calf will discover the obstacle on the stifle joints turned 

 directly outward and projecting on each side beyond the bones which 

 circumscribe laterally the front entrance of the pelvis. The evident 

 need is to turn the stifles inward, and this may be attempted by the 

 hand introduced by the side of the calf, which is meanwhile rotated 

 gently on its own axis to favor the change of position. To correct the 

 deviation of the hind limb is, however, very diflicnlt, as the limbs them- 

 selves arc out of reach and can not be used as levers to assist If noth- 

 ing can be done by pushing back the body of the calf and rotating it, 

 and by pressure by the hand in the passages, the only resort appears 

 to be to skin the calf from the shoulder back, cut it in two as far hack 

 as can be reached, then push the buttocks well forward into the womb 

 and bring up the hind feet and so deliver. 



