DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 231 



! I..YTK XIV Continued. 



Fig. 2. Taken from Quain's Anatomy, Vol. 11, showing the blood vessels passing 

 through the umbilical cord in a human fetus : L, liver; , kidney ; I, intes- 

 tine; U C, umbilical cord; Ua, umbilical arteries. The posterior aorta 

 coming from the heart passes backward and gives rise to the internal iliac 

 arteries, and of these the umbilical arteries are branches. Uv, umbilical 

 vein; this joins the portal vein; passes onward to the liver, breaks up into 

 smaller vessels which reunite in the hepatic vein ; this empties into tho pos- 

 terior vena cava, which carries the blood back to the heart. 

 PLATE XV: 



Showing the most favorable position of the calf or fetus in the womb at birth, 

 and the position, iu which it is most frequently found. This is known as tho 

 normal anterior position. The back of the fetus is directly towards that of 

 the mother, the fore legs are extended back towards the vulva of the 

 mother, and the head rests between them. The birth of the calf in this posi- 

 tion usually takes place without artificial assistance. 

 PLATE XVI : 



Fig. 1. Anterior presentation; one fore limb completely retained. From Flem- 

 ing's Veterinary Obstetrics. The retained limb must be reached if possible, 

 and brought forward joint by joint and the fetus then extracted. 



Fig. 2. Anterior presentation ; fore limbs bent at knee. From Fleming's Veter- 

 inary Obstetrics. The limbs must be extended before delivery can be accom- 

 plished. 



Fig. 3. Anterior presentation; fore limb crossed over neck. From Fleming's 

 Veterinary Obstetrics. The leg should be grasped a little above the fet- 

 lock, raised, drawn to its proper side, and extended in the genital canal. 



Fig. 4. Anterior presentation ; downward deviation of head. After St. Cyr, from 

 Hill's Bovine Medicine and Surgery. The head must be brought into posi- 

 tion seen in Plate XV before delivery can take place. 



Fig. 5. Anterior presentation; deviation of the head upwards and backwards. 

 From Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics. Eetroj.ulsion is the first indication, 

 and will often bring the head into its normal position. 



Fig. 6. Anterior presentation; head presenting with back down. From D'Ar- 

 boval, Diet, de Med. et de (Jhir. The fetus should bo turned by pushing 

 back the; fore parts and bringing up the hind so as to make a posterior pre- 

 sentation, i 

 PLATK XVII: 



Fig. 1. Anterior presentation, with hind feet engaged in j>elvis. A very serious 

 mnlprcsentation, in which it is generally impossible to save the fetus if 

 delivery it* fur advanced. The indications are to force back the hind feet. 



Fig. 2. Thigh and croup presentation, showing the fetus corded. From Flem- 

 ing's Veterinary Obstetrics. The cord has a ring or noose at one end. Tho 

 two emlnof the cord are passed between tho, thighs, brought out at the flanks, 

 and tho plain end passed through the noose at the top of the back and brought 

 - nt-iili- tho vulva. The fetim must bo punhod hack and an attempt made 

 to bring tho limb* properly into the genital passage. 



Fig. 3. Croup and hock presentation. From Firming'* Veterinary Obstetrics. 

 Tho indication* in this abnormal presentation are the same as described for 

 Fig. 2. 



Fig. 4. Posterior pre,Hentatinit ; tho fetus on its back. From D'Arboval, IHcl. tic 

 Med. ft df f'fcir. Turn the feltis no at HO make a normal anterior presentation. 



Fig. .". Sterno-abdomina! presentation. From D'Arboval. IHcl. df Mcd. rt d>- 

 C'kir. The fetus is on its side with limbs rroxning and presenting. Tho 

 limb* least eli/rible for extraction should be forrod back into the uterus. 



Fig.6. Dorno-liunbar presentation ; the back presenting. From D'Arbuval, JKrt. 

 de Med. et de Chir. The fetus must IMS turned o that one or the other ex- 

 tremity can enter the passage. 



