232 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



PLATE XVIII: 



Fig. 1. Twiii pregnancy, showing the normal anterior ana posterior presenta- 

 tions. From Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics. 



Fig. 2. Abdominal dropsy of the fetus; normal presentation; fore limbs corded. 

 After Armatage. The drawing illustrates the method of puncturing the 

 abdomen through the chest with a long trocar and canula, The fluid is 

 represented escaping from the canula after the withdrawal of the trocar. 



Fig. 3. Tallich's short, bent, crotchet forceps. The forceps have bent and toothed 

 jaws, which are intended to take hold of the fetus where neither cords or 

 hooks can be applied, as the ear, nose, or skin of cheek. 



Fig. 4. Clamp for ear, skin, etc : 1-1, blades with hooks and corresponding holes ; 

 2, ring to close the blades; 3, stem with female screw for handle; 4, handle, 

 which may be either straight or jointed and flexible. 

 PLATE XIX : 



This plate illustrates various malformations and diseases of the fetus which act 

 as the cause of difficult parturition. 



Figs. 1, 2, 3. Represent the fetuses with portions of their bodies double. Fig. 

 1 (from Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics), double head, neck, and fore limbs. 

 Fig. 2 (from Encyclop. der Gesam. TJiierheilkunde, 1886), double head, neck, 

 fore limbs, and body. Fig. 3 (from Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics), double 

 faced. 



Fig. 4. Fetus with head very much enlarged. From Fleming's Veterinary 

 Obstetrics. This affection is known as hydrocephalus or dropsy of the 

 brain, and is due to a more or less considerable quantity of fluid in the cra- 

 nial cavity of the fetus. 



Fig. 5. Skull of the calf represented in Fig. 4. The roof of the skull is absent. 



From Fleming's Veterinary Obstetrics. 

 PLATE XX : 



Fig. 1. Long embryotome with joint. 



Fig. 2. Long sharp hook. This instrument is about 3 feet in length, including 

 the handle. Hooks of this kind, both blunt and sharp, are applied directly 

 to the fetus to assist in delivery. 



Fig. 3. Giinther's long-handled embryotome. This instrument and that repre- 

 sented in Fig. 1 are of special value in cutting through muscular tissue and 

 in separating the limbs from the trunk when the fetus can not be removed 

 entire. These embryotomes are usually 30 inches long, but may be made 

 either longer or shorter. 



Fig. 4. Jointed cord-carrier, used in difficult parturition to carry a cord into 

 regions which can not be reached by the arm. 



Fig. 5. Instrument used to rotate or turn the fetus, known as a rotator. 



Fig. 6. Dilator of the neck of the womb, used when conception can not take 

 place owing to a contracted condition of the neck of the womb. 



Fig. 7. Repeller. An instrument from 2 to 3 feet long, used to force the fetus 

 forward into the Avoinb. This operation is generally necessary Avhen the 

 presentation is abnormal and the fetus has advanced too far into the narrow 

 inlet to the uterus to be moved. 



Fig. 8. Cartwright's bone chisel. Including the handle this instrument is about 

 32 inches in length, the chisel portion is a little more than 2 inches long and 

 1 to 1A broad. Only the middle portion is sharp, the projecting corners are 

 blunt and the sides rounded. This instrument is used for slitting up the 

 skin of a limb and as a bone chisel when it is necessary to mutilate the fetus 

 in order to effect delivery. 

 PLATE XXI : 



Fig. 1. Embryotome, an instrument used when it is necessary to reduce the size 

 of the fetus by cutting away certain parts before birth can be affected. This 

 instrument may be long or short, straight or curved. 



