268 DISEASES or CATTLE. 



go to the stomach. In a large dairy a piece of elastic tubing one-third 

 of an inch in bore should be kept at hand for sucking and blowing in such 

 cases. 



BLEEDING FROM THE NAVEL. 



This may occur in two conditions, when the cord is cut off too close 

 to the navel and left untied, and when it tears off at the navel (Plate 

 xiv). It may also bleed when torn across naturally, if it is sucked by 

 the dam or another calf. In an animal with little plasticity to its blood 

 it will flow under almost any circumstances. Where any cord is left it 

 is always safe to tie it, and it is only when it is swollen and may possi- 

 bly contain a loop of the bowel that there is danger in doing so. By 

 pressing upward any bulky contents such danger is avoided. If torn, 

 or cut too close to be tied, the bleeding may be checked by applying 

 alum, copperas, or for a fraction of a second the end of an iron rod at a 

 dull-red heat. If much blood has been lost it may be requisite to trans- 

 fuse several ounces of blood, or of a weak common-salt solution, into the 

 open umbilical vein. 



URINE DISCHARGED THROUGH THE NAVEL PERSISTENT URACHUS. 



Before birth the urine passes from the bladder by a special tube 

 through the navel and navel-string into the outer water-bag (allantois) 

 (Plate xn). This closes at birth, and in the calf the tube is drawn in 

 toward the bladder. It is only in the bull calf that it is likely to 

 remain open, doubtless because of the long narrow channel through 

 which the urine must otherwise escape. The urethra, too, is sometimes 

 abnormally narrow, or even closed in the male. If part of the cord 

 remains, tie it and allow the whole to wither up naturally. If the cord 

 has been removed and the tube (urachus) protrudes, discharging the 

 urine, that alone must be tied. If there is nothing pendent the urachus 

 must be seized, covered by the skin, and a curved needle being passed 

 through the skin and above the duct it may be tied along with this 

 skin. A blister of Spanish flies, causing swelling of the skin, will often 

 close the orifice. So with the hot iron. If the urethra of the male is 

 impervious it can rarely be remedied. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE URACHUS (NAVEL URINE-DUCT). 



This may originate in direct mechanical injury to the navel in calv- 

 ing, or shortly after, with or without the lodgment of irritant and sep- 

 tic matter on its lacerated or cut end. The mere contact with healthy 

 urine, hitherto harmless, can not be looked on as becoming suddenly 

 irritating. The affection is usually marked by the presence of redness 

 and swelling at the posterior part of the navel and the escape of urine 

 and a few drops of whitish serous pus from the orifice of the urachus. 



