322 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



injected into the substance of the tumor. Good results are often 

 obtained by the application of stimulating embrocations and by suitable 

 blisters. Setous are sometimes inserted with excellent results; caus- 

 tics and the actual cautery are also occasionally used. It is my exper- 

 ience that in most cases where the growth is hard and of long standing 

 by far the best treatment is by extirpation with the knife. Although 

 this tumor in itself, as I have already said, contains only a few blood- ves- 

 sels, yet it maybe located upon or in close proximity to a large artery or 

 important nerve. Injury to the latter might cause loss of either sensa- 

 tion or motion to a part, and therefore I would impress upon the opera- 

 tor the importance of familiarity with the anatomy of the part. If 

 the operator knows the course of the large blood-vessels and the nerves 

 in the vicinity of the tumor there is little or no risk, provided, of course, 

 that the knife is handled with dexterity. The sensibility of the tissues 

 may be lessened by injecting a solution of cocaine with the hypodermic 

 needle into the substance of the tumor and surrounding tissues a few 

 minutes before commencing the operation. The form and extent of the 

 incision through the skin must depend upon the size, base, and relation 

 of the tumor. A straight incision prolonged beyond the base of the 

 tumor, in order to allow greater freedom in dissection and more com- 

 plete extirpation, will suffice in some cases, but an elliptical incision 

 should be resorted to when the enveloping skin is in excess and a por- 

 tion has to be removed. If all the skin is to be saved and the tumor is 

 large, a cnicial T or Y incision should be made. The enucleation of large 

 tumors, especially those with a wide base, requires time and care. The 

 flaps of the wound may be kept apart by an assistant or teiiaculi. The 

 tumor itself may be seized by the hand, forceps, or teuaeulum, or if voln- 

 minous, apiece of tape or strong ligature thread may be passed through 

 it, by which it can be better held and moved about while the dissection 

 is made. Hemorrhage from small vessels can be readily suppressed by 

 compression or by torsion with the artery forceps. Hemorrhage from 

 larger vessels should be controlled by the ligature, which is the safest 

 method with vessels of any size. After the tumor is removed the wound 

 is closed and treated as any ordinary wound, unless the extirpation has 

 not been completely made, in which case caustics of varying strength 

 are sometimes introduced before the wound is allowed to heal. 



Polypi belong to the fibrous tumors, and may be defined as tumors 

 attached by means of a narrow pedicle. A polypus not infrequently 

 occurs in the nasal passages, often bleeding readily and sometimes 

 interfering with respiration. A polypus also sometimes develops in 

 the vagina and the uterus of cows. The treatment of polypus is 

 removal when possible. The ecraseur will be found a useful instrument 

 for this purpose. After removal the parts should be frequently syr- 

 inged with an antiseptic wash. 



The lipomata or fatty tumor, consisting of fat cells, is another of the 

 noninalignant tumors which sometimes develops upon the bovine ani- 

 mal. They should be removed when possible, whether found exter- 



