TUMORS AND THEIR TREATMENT. 323 



nally, within the passage of the vagina, or any other part of the animal. 

 In most cases it is necessary to cauterize the seat of the tumor imme- 

 diately after removal. 



Cystic tumors. In horned cattle immense cystic tumors form in front 

 of the knees, caused by the animal being compelled to lie on a hard floor. 

 The cause should be removed before any treatment is attempted. The 

 simplest operation in the vicinity of a joint must be performed with 

 extreme care, in order to prevent injury and traumatic inflammation 

 and its results. In the cystic tumors of the knee a seton can with safety 

 be inserted through their substance, after which a bandage should be 

 applied to prevent the animal from bruising the parts whilst lying down. 

 These cystic tumors are often removed in this way. Serous cysts form 

 in different parts of the animal's body, including the thyroid body and 

 the facial sinuses. In the cow small ovarian cysts are sometimes a 

 cause of nymphomauia. There are various other kinds of cysts, includ- 

 ing cutaneous and hair-bearing cysts, the complete treatment of which 

 the limits of this chapter will not allow. 



Osseous tumors develop in the neighborhood of joints in rheumatic 

 affections. They result from the ossification of exudate which has 

 been formed in consequence of some inflammation. Little can be 

 done in the way of treatment beyond the actual cautery or counter- 

 irritation. 



Osteo-sarcoma is a tumor composed partly of flesh and partly of 

 bone. The upper and lower jaws of cattle appear to be peculiarly sus- 

 ceptible to this form of disease, the growth having an irregularly pro- 

 tuberant surface. (See Actinomycosis, p. 409.) 



Carcinoma, or cancer. The most malignant tumors in the bovine, as 

 in the human being, are beyond doubt the carcinomata, or cancer and 

 its varieties, which are the encephaloid, scirrhous, colloid, cystic, and 

 epithelial. The various forms of encephaloid cancer are known as vil- 

 lous, melanotic, and fungus luvmatodes. The favorite seat of cancer in 

 the ox seems to be the maxilla, although the tongue is not infrequently 

 its seat. When the heart is affected it is almost always secondarily. 



In the early stages of cancer the general health is not perceptibly 

 affected, but as the disease advances the lymphatics and glands become 

 involved. If discovered in the early stages excision of the tumor may 

 be performed, but if the disease has progressed to any extent this is 

 not likely to be followed by beneficial results, owing to its malignity 

 and tendency to recur. Numerous caustics have been employed. Such 

 measures in the ox, however, have not been at all satisfactory. an<l 

 from the tendency of the disease to recur, and owing to its nature, the 

 affected animals should not only be destroyed, but the flesh condemned 

 as human food. 



