DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 339 



The females deposit tlieir eggs on the hair, attaching them very near 

 the skin by means of an adhesive substance. The long-nosed ox louse 

 is the most familiar to cattlemen. The body is about an eighth of an 

 inch long, and not more than one-third of that in width. The head is 

 very long and slender, and no eyes are visible. In color there is little 

 difference in the two species. 



There is but one species of biting lice known to occur on cattle, the 

 Trtchodectes scalaritt. This is very common on cattle. It is very dis- 

 tinct from the suctorial species in appearance, and this is readily recog- 

 nized by all observers, for it is generally called "the little red louse," 

 in contrast with the blue louse. They are also less injurious than the 

 former. 



The biting louse possesses a inandibnlate mouth, or a mouth provided 

 with cutting and biting jaws. They attack the animal along the spine, 

 hips, rump, and sometimes the neck and head. 



Symptoms. Lousiness generally becomes manifest in winter and 

 toward spring, when the animal is found to rub the infested portions 

 of the body, occasionally^ to such an extent as to produce excoriations 

 of the skin. It becomes thin in flesh and debilitated. A close exami- 

 nation will reveal the true state, and prompt attention is advisable. 



Treatment. The treatment does not vary for the three species, 

 although the short-nosed louse is the most difficult to destroy. I have 

 been most successful with a decoction of Cocculus Indicus fish ber- 

 ries. Take a half pound for each animal, pound fine, then add two 

 quarts of vinegar, and set it on the stove to simmer for an hour. Apply 

 this thoroughly by rubbing it well into the hair over the infested 

 region. This will not injure the skin or sicken the animal, and it 

 remains effective long enough to kill all the young lice as they are 

 hatched from the nits. Prof. Riley's kerosene emulsion is also very 

 effective, and is made as follows : Kerosene, 2 gallons; common or whale 

 oil soap, one-quarter pound; water, 1 gallon. Heat the solution of soap 

 and add it boiling hot to the kerosene; churn the mixture for live or ten 

 minutes. Dilute the emulsion with eight parts of water, and apply it to 

 the animal by a thorough rubbing. Fifty animals ran be treated with 

 10 gallons of the, liquid. 



fESTRIASIH WAHRLKH (fRT'B IN THE SKIN. 



Warbles are characterized by tumors in the skin along the back and 

 loins of cattle, which contain a grub deposited by the ffypodcrma boris, 

 or gadily. When the cattle are attacked by this tly it is easily known 

 by the terror and agitation of the whole herd. The unfortunate object 

 of the attack runs bellowing from among the, herd to some distant part 

 of the field or the nearest water. The tail, from the seventy of the 

 pain, is held with a tremulous motion straight from the Imdy, and the 

 head and neck are stretched out to the utmost. The remainder, from 



