378 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



and Australia likewise received the contagion with an English cow in 

 1858. It is also reported as existing in various parts of the continent 

 of Asia, but the time of its first appearance and the extent of its dis- 

 tribution are very uncertain. 



Some countries, which had only been infected for a short time, such 

 as Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, have succeeded in eradicating the 

 disease without much difficulty by slaughtering all affected and exposed 

 animals. Other countries long infected, and in which the contagion 

 was thoroughly established, like Australia, South Africa, Italy, France, 

 Belgium, and parts of Germany, have labored long, in some cases mak- 

 ing no progress, and in others being only partially successful. Holland 

 was one of the first of the thoroughly infected countries to free itself 

 from the contagion. 



In the United States, Massachusetts eradicated pleuro-pneumonia 

 during the period from 1860 to 1866. New York and New Jersey made 

 an attempt to eradicate it in 1879, but were not successful. Late in 

 1883 the contagion was carried to Ohio, probably by Jersey cattle pur- 

 chased in the vicinity of Baltimore, Md., to which place it had extended 

 previous to 1868. From the herd then infected it was spread by the 

 sale of cattle during 1884 to a limited number of herds in Illinois, to 

 one herd in Missouri, and to two herds in Kentucky. The alarm caused 

 among the stock-owners of the United States by this widespread dis- 

 semination of a disease so much dreaded led to the adoption of active 

 measures for its control and eradication. By cooperation between the 

 United States Department of Agriculture and the authorities of the 

 affected States it" was found possible to prevent the further spread of 

 the contagion and to eradicate it after a few months' delay. 



In 1886 pleuro-pneumonia was discovered in some of the large dis- 

 tillery stables of Chicago, and among cows on neighboring lots. This 

 led to renewed efforts to secure the complete extirpation of this disease 

 from the country. Congress, in 1887, enlarged the appropriation avail- 

 able for this purpose, and gave more extended authority. During the 

 same year the disease was stamped out of Chicago, and has not since 

 appeared in any district west of the Allegheny Mountains. 



The work of eradication was at the same time commenced in all of 

 the infected States. Before the end of the year 1889 Pennsylvania, 

 Delaware, Maryland, the District of Columbia, and Virginia had been 

 freed from the disease. More difficulties, however, were encountered 

 in the States of New York and New Jersey, on account of the larger 

 territory infected and the density of the population. The long strug- 

 gle was crowned with success, however, and the last animal in which 

 the disease appeared in the State of New York was slaughtered early 

 in 1891, and the last one affected in New Jersey met the same fate early 

 in the spring of 1892. 



During these same years a supreme effort has been made to stamp 

 out this lung plague from Great Britain. From the official reports it 



