416 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



tremely rare. Practically the same position is maintained at present 

 by most authorities as regards the transmission of the disease to man 

 by eating meat. Israel, who has studied this question carefully, found 

 the disease in Jews who never ate pork* and who likewise were protected 

 by the rigorous meat inspection practiced by their sect from bovine acti- 

 nomycosis. Furthermore it must be borne in mind that actinomycosis is 

 a local disease causing great destruction of tissue where the fungus mul- 

 tiplies, but very rarely becoming generally disseminated over the body 

 from the original disease focus. The fungus is only found in places 

 where the disease process is manifest to the eye or becomes so in a very 

 short time after the lodgment of the fungus. Only the greatest negli- 

 gence would allow the actually diseased parts to be sold and consumed. 

 Finally this parasite, like all others, would be destroyed in the process 

 of cooking. The majority of authorities thus do not believe that actino- 

 mycosis in man is directly traceable to the disease in animals, but are of 

 the opinion that both man and animals are infected from a third source. 

 This source has already been discussed above. How far these views 

 may be modified by further and more telling investigations of the par- 

 asitic fungus itself no one can predict. There are still wide gaps in our 

 knowledge, and the above presentation simply summarizes theprevail- 



ACTINOMYCOSIS. 



[Description of plates.] 



PLATE XXXIX. Fig. 1. Actinomycosis of the jaw. The lower jawbone lias been 

 extensively eaten away by the disease. Fig. 2. Actinomyces fnugus from a tumor 

 of the jawbone in cattle, magnified 550 times. Both figures are taken from Johne 

 (Encyklopiidie d. ges. Thierheilkunde). 



PLATE XL. Actinomycosis of the lungs, Fig. 1. Transverse section of the ventral 

 lobe of the right lung from a case studied in the laboratory. The yellowish dots 

 represent the places where the actinomyces fungus is lodged. The larger yellowish 

 patches are produced by the confluence of a number of isolated centers. The entire 

 lobe is of a dark flesh-red color due to collapse and broncho-pneumonia. Fig. 2. The 

 cut surface of a portion of the principal lobe of the same lung, showing the recent 

 invasion of antinomy cosis from the other lobe: a, Large air tube; &, artery; c, a 

 pneumonic lobule; d, lobule containing minute yellowish dots. In these the actino- 

 myces fungus is lodged. Fig. 3. Cut surface of a small portion of another lung, 

 showing a few lobules a. The fungus is sprinkled throughout the lung tissue in the 

 form of yellowish grains, as shown in the illustration. The pleural covering of the 

 lung tissue is shown in profile above. 



PL/TE XLI. Actinomycosis of the jaw (lumpy-jaw, etc.), reduced one-half. 

 (From Johne, in Encyklopiidie d. gesammt. Thierheilkunde.) The lower jaw is 

 sawn through transversely, t. c., from right to left, and shows the disease within the 

 jawbone itself; a, within the mouth, showing the papilla; on the mucous membrane 

 of the cheek ; 6, front view of a molar tooth ; c, the skin covering the lower surface 

 of the jawbone; d, the jawbone hollowed out and enlarged by the formation of 

 cavities within it, which are filled with the soft growth of the actinomycotic tumor. 

 The section makes it appear as if the bone were broken into fragments and these 

 forced apart; e, a portion of the tumor which has broken through the bone and the 

 skin and appears as a tumor on the cheek. The little roundish masses represent the 

 granulomata (minute tumors) in which the fungus vegetates. 



* Swine are subject to actiuomycosis. 



