THE FEEDING AND MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE. 451 



trial ration. In the second trial ration we observe that the organic 

 matter is 1.31 pounds short of the requirements, the protein .01 of a 

 pound in excess, the carbohydrates 0.58 of a pound short, while ether 

 extract is 0.45 pound in excess of requirements. We have learned that 

 the ether extract is worth 2.2 times as much as the same weight of 

 carbohydrates. We multiply the excess, 0.45 by 2.2 and find that the 

 excess is equal to 0.99 of a pound of carbohydrates. This sum brings 

 the carbohydrates above the required standard. Our second trial ra- 

 tion is, therefore, slightly lacking in organic matter, but contains the 

 full amount of protein required and a slight excess of carbohydrates or 

 their equivalents. We find the nutritive ratio of this ration by multi- 

 plying the ether extract 0.85 by 2.2, adding it to the carbohydrates and 

 dividing by 2.51, and obtain the nutritive ratio of 1:5.5, or about 

 the requirements given in Table II. This is as close as we can expect 

 to work in practice. 



1 laving studied this problem over carefully, the student is in position 

 to use Tables I and II in a study of the requirements of his stock and 

 the feeds he has at hand. With a little patience feed combinations can 

 bo. made which will conform to the requirements. I have gone over 

 this problem carefully in order to show just how the tables are used. 

 The student can select from tlie first table such feed stuffs as he has at 

 hand or can secure, and from these construct rations to meet the wants 

 of his particular case. The exercise will prove not only interesting, 

 but profitable, for it will throw much light on the proper combinations 

 of food to best meet the wants of our farm animals. 



CONCLUSIONS LN REGARD TO THE GERMAN SYSTEM. 



In presenting the German system I have followed it closely, so that 

 tin reader may be able to make practical use of it. About 1880 Prof. J. 

 W. Sanborn objected to the feeding standards as laid down by the 

 On mans, ami (specially to Table II, claiming that an ox weighingl,000 

 pounds, when fed with the nutrients stated by Wolff, as required for 

 mere maintenance, might actually show considerable gain in weight. 

 Insults at Cornell University and other experiment stations in this 

 country go to sustain Prof. Sanborn's objections. Inquiries ,sent out 

 from this station to successful, intelligent dairymen, bring information 

 which shows that some arc feed ing rations which correspond very closely 

 to the requirements laid down by Wolff, while others are giving less 

 protein than in the standard. Practical exi>erieiice seems to show that 

 1 results may be obtained with less protein than 2i pounds per day 

 per thousand pounds of cow. In many rations I think if the amount 

 is _ pounds it will be ample for the dairy cow. The total amount of 

 digestible substance should not vary materially from the standard. 

 These tables may be compared to a crude and often incorrect map of an 

 unknown country, which is better than nothing, though far from satis- 

 factory. It is well for the reader to familial i/e himself with them, for 

 their teat-lungs are very helpful in the practical work of feeding. 



