APPENDIX. 287 



nated, and I therefore insert them in the work, as peculiarly apropos 

 to a volume certain to be placed in the hands of many sufficiently 

 interested in aquatic pursuits to pass much of their time either on 

 the bosom or the margin * of old ocean's depths.' 



These directions are issued by the Royal National Life-boat 

 Institution. 



I. 



Send immediately for medical assistance, blankets, and dry 

 clothing, but proceed to treat the patient instantly on the spot, in 

 the open air, with the face downward, whether on shore or afloat ; 

 exposing the face, neck, and chest to the wind, except in severe 

 weather, and removing all tight clothing from the neck, and chest, 

 especially the braces. 



The points to be aimed at are first and immediately, the RE- 

 STORATION OF BREATHING ; and, secondly, after breathing is 

 restored, the PROMOTION OF WARMTH AND CIRCULATION. 



The efforts to restore Breathing must be commenced imme- 

 diately and energetically, and persevered in for one or two hours, or 

 until a medical man has pronounced that life is extinct. Efforts 

 to promote Warmth and Circulation, beyond removing the wet 

 clothes and drying the skin, must not be made until the first appear- 

 ance of natural breathing ; for if circulation of the blood be induced 

 before breathing has recommenced, the restoration to life will be 

 endangered. 



II. To RESTORE BREATHING. 



To clear the Throat. Place the, patient on the floor or ground 

 with the face downwards and one of the arms under the forehead, 

 in which position all fluids will more readily escape by the mouth, 

 and the tongue itself will fall forward, leaving the entrance into the 

 windpipe free. Assist this operation by wiping and cleansing the 

 mouth. 



If satisfactory breathing commences, use the treatment de- 

 scribed below to promote Warmth. If there be only slight breath- 

 ing or no breathing or if the breathing fail, then 



To Excite Breathing. Turn the patient well and instantly on 

 the side, supporting the head (see fig. 94), and excite the nostrils 

 with snuff, hartshorn, or smelling salts, or tickle the throat with a 

 feather &c., if they are at hand. Rub the chest and face warm, 

 and dash cold water, or cold and hot water alternately, on them. 

 If there be no success, lose not a moment, but instantly 



