KNOTS AND HITCHES. 51 



Plate VII, fig. 5, the reef knot, is made by first 

 forming a rope into an overhand knot round a yard 

 or spar, bringing the end in the right hand over 

 to the left, and the left to the right ; then take the 

 right hand end round the left, and draw them 

 taut, and it will appear like Plate VII, fig. 5. 



Plate VII, fig. 4, slinys, are ropes fitted to 

 encircle a cask, jar, bale, or case, and suspend it 

 while hoisting or lowering. There are various 

 kinds of slings, according to the weight or figure 

 of the object to which they are applied. Those 

 which are most frequently used in lading and 

 delivering ships are represented by fig. 15, the 

 tackle being hooked to the middle part , whilst 

 b and c are placed round the opposite quarters of 

 the cask, &c. 



Plate VIII, fig. 3, the carrick bend. To make it, 

 lay the ends of a rope a and b } then pass it through 

 the bight under d, and up through the bight c. 



Plate VII, fig. 6, the sheet bend. In making it, 

 pass the end of a rope a through the bight of 

 another rope b, then round both parts of the rope 

 c, d, and down through its own bight. 



Plate VIII, fig. 4, fishermen's bend. This bend 

 is made by taking two turns round a spar with 



