RURAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT 221 



scientific method in which provision shall be made for the exercise 

 of reasonable discretion. Development schemes in their very nature 

 have to deal with separate, and sometimes opposing, interests, includ- 

 ing these of the general public and private owners. It is an essential 

 feature of planning and development legislation that it should provide 

 for effective co-operation between the public authorities and the pri- 

 vate owners, and also between adjacent municipal authorities. It is 

 therefore necessary to have a skilled department of the Provincial 

 government to act as a sort of court of appeal in regard to differences 

 which are bound to arise between interested parties and conflicting or 

 co-operating authorities. 



BOUNDARIES OF DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES 



It may not be practicable in some cases to prepare development 

 schemes within the arbitrary boundaries of one municipal area. For 

 topographical and other reasons one local authority may desire to 

 include part of an area of another local authority in its scheme. In 

 England it has been recognized that arbitrary municipal boundaries 

 must not influence the boundaries of town planning schemes. The 

 city of St. John, New Brunswick, has obtained authority from the 

 Legislature to prepare a scheme for an area of about 20,000 acres, of 

 which about half is outside the city limits. (Figure 42.) 



No objection was raised to the inclusion of the outside territory 

 in the area of the scheme by the local authorities concerned, and only 

 one objection was raised by an owner. 



The Census Bureau of the United States, in its latest census, 

 has shown that the arbitrary boundaries of cities were little heeded 

 by the growth of population, industry or development generally. 

 Because of this it is necessary that planning and development schemes 

 should embrace a much larger area than is covered by the adminis- 

 trative unit of the city or town, but, if the rural municipality does its 

 duty and prepares schemes for the urban parts of its area, it would not 

 be necessary for the city or town to encroach on the territory outside 

 its boundaries. The development of the agricultural areas adjacent 

 to the city should be considered in relation to the development of 

 the building sub-divisions in these suburban schemes. 



The entrances and exits of a town are dependent on the plan- 

 ning of the adjacent territory. If one town or district wants to alter 

 the location or levels of roads or railways, the adjacent district must 

 plan to conform to the alteration. Mr. George B. Ford, of New 

 York, has stated that this problem has been realized in Newark, 



