ol 



.t -owing Clover between the two Corn crops, the 

 produce is very abundant. 



The southern point of this district, forming now 

 an independent Republic, called from the name of its 

 capital, Cracow, is very fertile. It extends along the 

 Vistula about 20 miles, and contains, in 500 square 

 miles or 320,000 acres, about 100,000 inhabitants. 



Some of the Estates in Poland, belonging to the 

 nobility of the highest rank, are of enormous extent ; 

 but owing to the system of dividing the land among 

 all the children, unless a special entail secures a 

 majorat to the eldest son, which is in some few 

 instances the case, much of it is possessed in allot- 

 ments, which we should deem large ; but which, on 

 account of their low value, and when compared with 

 those of a few others, are not so. Of these secondary 

 classes of estates, 5 or 6,000 acres would be deemed 

 small, and 30 or 40,000 acres large. 



There are, besides these, numerous small properties, 

 some of a few acres, which, by frequent subdivisions, 

 have descended to younger branches of noble fami- 

 lies. The present owners are commonly poor, but 

 too proud to follow any profession but that of a 

 soldier, and prefer to labour in the fields with their 

 own hands rather than to engage in trade of any 

 kind. As titles descended to every son, and are 

 continued through all the successors, the nobility 

 have naturally become very numerous ; but since the 

 Emperor of Russia has gained the dominion over 

 Poland, the use of titles has been restricted. Xo one 

 can assume that of baron, unless his clear income 

 from his estates exceed 1,000 gulden or 2.5/. ; none 

 that of count, whose rents are less than 3,000 gulden 

 or 75/. ; and none that of prince, who has less than 

 5,000 gulden or 125 



The whole of the lands are made alienable, and 

 may now be purchased by persons of any rank, and 

 are actually held by some who are burghers or 



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