67 



Thus one third of the land bears nothing. The 

 winter crop in the northern part of Poland consists 

 of Wheat and Rye ; the Proportion of the latter to 

 the former, is nearly as nine to one, and the Wheat 

 enjoys the benefit of what little manure is preserved. 

 Thus the Wheat actually cultivated, does not occupy 

 more than one thirtieth part of the arable land. In 

 the southern part of the kingdom, the Wheat bears 

 a larger proportion to the Rye, amounting, on the 

 more tenacious soils, to a fifth, and even in some 

 cases, to a fourth part of the Rye. 



The statements I could collect, and my own obser- 

 vations, led me to conclude the stock of cattle to be 

 very small, in proportion to the extent of land, and 

 to the number of inhabitants. The Government of 

 Poland has not collected those statistical facts, which 

 are so regularly registered by the Prussian, and some 

 other of the governments of Germany ; where they 

 have been collected, as in the case of the population 

 of the year 1817, I believe but little accuracy is to 

 be discovered. I found, in a conversation with one 

 of the ministers, to whose immediate department it 

 belonged, that no great dependence could be placed 

 on the census of that year. 



In the absence of more recent authority, I avail 

 myself of a Prussian document, which shows the 

 numbers of the different kinds of cattle in the Pro- 

 vinces of Plock, in Poland, when it was under the 

 dominion of that Power. I have no reason to sus- 

 pect the accuracy of this official statement, or to be- 

 lieve that this province is not equal in live stock to 

 the average of he whole kingdom. I was told there 

 was in the province of Podolachia, a greater number 

 of black cattle, and in the province of Lublin, a greater 

 number of sheep than in Plock ; but those provinces 

 were represented to me as deficient in other cattle, 

 the former having fewer sheep, the latter fewer cows. 



In the year 1803, the returns from Plock were 



