70 



mdst provinces, as before noticed, the Soil of Poland 

 is of such a thin nature, that where it is moderately 

 farmed, it can scarcely be made to bear a medium 

 crop of Wheat more frequently than once in nine 

 years. I examined a farm in the province of Lublin, 

 the proprietor of which is in easy circumstances, and 

 possesses several other estates. The extent of this 

 farm is about 5,500 acres. The live stock consisted 

 of sixty milch cows, which are let to a dairyman at 

 about 19-?. per year each; some few young cattle, 

 eight or nine horses, and between five and six hundred 

 sheep. The ploughing is performed by two oxen, for 

 which, and for his own labour two days in each week, 

 the peasant has a house, firing, and about forty acres 

 of land, to which the manure made by his oxen is 

 applied. About 2,000 acres are in this way in the 

 occupation of the peasants. The manure, therefore, 

 of the cows, sheep, and horses, is applicable to the 

 lord's portion of somewhat more than 8,000 acres, 

 and supplies it with more liberality than is practised 

 on any other land near it. The whole is under the 

 plough ; there is neither meadow nor permanent pas- 

 ture. The Rotation of Crops is as follows : the first 

 year a clean fallow, three or four times ploughed ; the 

 second year Potatoes are planted; the third year 

 Wheat is sown, and in the following spring Clover 

 amongst it. The fourth and fifth years the Clover is 

 either made into Hay, or used for the stall-fed cows 

 and the horses, or fed on the land by the sheep ; the 

 sixth year, Pease or Buck Wheat is grown ; then it is 

 fallowed for a year ; and the eighth year a crop of Rye 

 is grown ; and the ninth, or last year of the course, the 

 land is sown with Barley, Oats, and Buck Wheat. 



On this, which is considered a pattern farm, on 

 which I have reason to believe the increase is greater 

 than on any other in the district, the seed and pro- 

 duce are as follows : Potatoes, about twenty bushels 

 to the acre planted, and about two hundred bushels 



