they must, in a great degree, be disabled from 

 making any considerable improvement in cultivation, 

 or of raising any very large increase of produce in a 

 short period. The great deficiency of live stock, 

 which indeed may be resolved into a deficiency -of 

 capital, would be an impediment in the way of 4 

 rapid extension of the growth of Wheat. Without 

 manure Wheat cannot be grown beneficially, and 

 without a stock of cattle, in some degree commen- 

 surate to the extent of the land, manure cannot be 

 obtained ; and though to a certain degree the profit 

 arising from the Wool, and not from the meat, 

 enables the Landowners to support some few sheep, 

 yet the want of a class of consumers, who can afford 

 to make animal food their subsistence, must operate 

 to prevent any great increase in the stocks of Cattle. 

 Such a class is not to be expected there till a great, 

 improvement, or an increase of manufacturers, shall 

 have taken place. The greater portion of the popu-> 

 lation of Poland is too poor to allow of their using 

 animal food ; the want of it is scarcely felt by per- 

 sons always accustomed to live, with very little 

 variation of diet, on Rye Bread. 



The labouring classes, too, being assured of a sup- 

 ply of the bare necessaries of life, are little disposed 

 to any great changes in their mode of work, or any 

 exertion of strength or skill beyond that to which, 

 they have been accustomed. 



They have been, perhaps not without some reason, 

 always represented as indolent, unskilful, filthy, and 

 drunken, and averse to the improvement which their 

 wiser and better superiors have attempted to intro- 

 duce. 



Whilst the present low price of Corn continues, 

 and the corresponding low rate of wages, and the, 

 markets of Russia are open to the woollen cloths of 

 Poland without duty, the profit of capital employed 



