316 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : PALEONTOLOGY. 



We wish only to emphasize here the fact that the marine fossil Pata- 

 gonian fauna materially strengthens the theory of "Antarctica" by giving 

 evidence for the former existence of a coast line, at any rate of shallow 

 water, between Australia and New Zealand on the one side, and South 

 America on the other. 



As to the connection of Africa with Antarctica, hardly any evidence is 

 found among our material ; we should, however, call attention to the fact 

 that the Bryozoan Tennysonia subcylindrica of the Patagonian beds is 

 extremely closely allied to the only known species of the genus, T. 

 stellata, which is recorded from the Cape of Good Hope. 



This instance would hardly have any value if it was an isolated one. 

 But other groups of animals have furnished similar cases, and, although 

 these are less pronounced and less frequent than the cases of relations 

 between South America and Australia, we must take them into account, 

 and grant a former extension of Antarctica in the direction toward South 

 Africa. 



In the map (pi. XXXIX) accompanying this report we have tried to 

 reconstruct ancient Antarctica : it has been assumed that the Antarctic 

 portions of land known at the present time (the region around Graham 

 Land ; Victoria and Wilke's Land ; Enderby and Kemp Land) form parts 

 of a still existing Antarctic continental mass ; we have not tried to enlarge 

 the boundaries of this continent, except only to such a degree that a con- 

 nection is formed with the present southern ends of the continents of 

 Australia, South America and South Africa. As regards Australia (and 

 New Zealand), we have followed Hedley's idea, as expressed in his map 

 in his second paper (1899, p. 404); as to the connection with South 

 America we have followed chiefly the tectonic relations known to exist 

 between Tierra del Fuego, South Georgia, South Sandwich and Graham 

 Land, as represented by Fricker (1900, chiefly p. 140 ff.); and as to the 

 much more doubtful connection with South Africa, we have taken into 

 account chiefly the results of the German Valdivia Expedition, as pub- 

 lished by Chun (1900, Lieferung 4). 1 



'As to the tectonic configuration of Antarctica, and the evidence thus furnished for its former 

 connections with Australia, New Zealand and South America, compare the article of Gregory 

 (Gregory, T. W. The work of the National Antarctic Expedition in : Nature, vol. 63, No. 1643, 

 25th April, 1901, pp. 609-612), and the sketch map given by him (p. 611). Unfortunately this 

 very important note was published after the above was written ; it supports, however, in a large 

 part the ideas set forth above. 



