358 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [652] 



states of this variable species are : L. saxatilis Johnson ; Turbo sulcatus Leach ; 

 Turbo jugosus Montagu; L. patula(var.) Jeffreys; L. negleota B3au ; T. vsntricosus 

 Brown; L. marmorata Pfeiffer; Ncrita Utlorca Fabricius (wow Linne") ; L. 

 Gronlandica Moller, Love'n, Morch ; L. rudissima Bean; L. zonaria Beau ; L. 

 neglecta Bean, etc. 



Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey, northward to the Arctic Ocean ; 

 Greenland ; Iceland ; Spitzbergen. Northern coasts of Europe to Great 

 Britain and Spain. Local south of Long Island Sound ; abundant on 

 all the rocky shores of Southern New England, from New York to Cape 

 Cod, and at the eastern end of Long Island ; local at Great Egg Har- 

 bor, among Fucus, on the stones of an old pier. Extremely abundant 

 on all the northern shores of New England and northward. Fossil in 

 the Post-Pliocene of Canada, Great Britain, and Scandinavia. 



LITTORINA PALLIATA. Plate XXIV, fig. 138. (p. 305.) 



Gould, Invert, of Mass., ed. i, p. 260, fig. 167, 1841 ; ed. ii, p. 309, fig. 578. Turbo 

 palliatus Say, op. cit., p. 240, 1822. Littorlna ncritoidca Dekay, Mollusca New 

 York, p. 105, Plate 6, figs. 109-111 (non Turbo ncritoidea Linnd). Littorlna 

 littoralis Stimpson, Shells of New England, p. 33, (non Forbes and Hanley ; 

 non Nerita littoralis Linne"). Turbo UttoraUs Fabricius, Fauna Groanlandica, p. 

 402, 1780 (won Linne"). Littorlna arctica Moller, Kroyer's Tidsskrift, vol. 

 iv, p. 82, 1842. (?) Llttorina limata Love'n, Ofversigt af Kongl. Vet.-Akad. 

 Forhandlingar, vol. iii, p. 154, 1846. Llttorina Pcconica S. Smith, Annals 

 Lyceum Nat. Hist., New York, vol. vii, p. 155, 1860. 



Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey, to the Arctic Ocean ; Greenland, 

 Spitzbergen, Finmark, and Norway. Very abundant from New York 

 to Cape Cod and northward, wherever Fad grow on rocks between 

 tides ; local and less abundant south of Long Island Sound. 



Fossil in the Post-Pliocene of Great Britain and Scandinavia. 



Should this species prove to be identical with L. obtusata (Linn6, sp.) of 

 Europe, as there is reason to anticipate, its range will be nearly coinci- 

 dent with that of L. rudis, with which it is always found associated on 

 our coast. Several writers have already united the two forms, but no 

 satisfactory comparisons of large series of specimens, from many local- 

 ities on both coasts, have been made. 



LACUNA VINCTA Turton. Plate XXIV, fig. 139. (p. 305.) 



Gould, Invert., ed. i, p. 262, figs. 169, 178*, 1841 ; ed. ii, p. 302, fig. 573. Turbo 

 vincta Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 307, Plate 20, fig. 3, (t. Gould). Trochm divarica- 

 tus Fabricius, Fauna Gronlandica, p. 392, 1780 (won Linne"). Lacuna divaricata 

 Love'n, op. cit., p. 155, 1846 ; Jeffreys, British Conchology, vol. iii, p. 346. 



According to Jeffreys, the following are among the synonyms or vari- 

 eties of this species : Turbo canalis Montagu; T. quadrifasciata Mont.; 

 Phasianella fasciata, P. bifasciata, P. cornea, and P. striata Brown ; La- 

 cuna solidula Loven; L. labiosa Loveu; L.frigida Loven. 



New York to the Arctic Ocean ; Greenland, Iceland, Lapland, Scan- 

 dinavia, Great Britain, France ; on the Pacific coast of America south- 

 ward to Puget Sound. Long Island Sound, common, but rather local ; 

 Watch Hill, Ehode Island, among algre, in 4 to 5 fathoms; Vineyard 



