136 Botanic Drugs 



entitled "Surgical Operations with Local Anes- 

 thesia." (Surgery Pub. Co., New York.) 



Indeed, while we can say here that cocaine 

 hydrochloride may be used in 1 to 4 per cent, strength 

 in the urethra, 2 to 4 per cent, in the eye, 5 to 10 per 

 cent, in the nose and larynx, 10 per cent, in the va- 

 gina and rectum, 0.01 to 0.05 per cent, in 0.8 per cent, 

 saline solution in infiltration anesthesia, and that 

 tablets of 1-6 grain cocaine hydrochloride with 1-300 

 grain adrenalin, as borate, are used when the joint 

 action of the two agents are desired, little useful 

 information is conveyed. Physicians will avoid a 

 world of trouble if, before they undertake local 

 anesthesia, except in its simpler forms, they inform 

 themselves most fully in the technic of the subject. 

 The matter is very far indeed from being a simple 

 one; and both physicians and dentists are commonly 

 encountering difficulty, sometimes serious, from 

 ignorance of a host of little details absolutely neces- 

 sary to be observed in the practice of local anes- 

 thesia. Know exactly what you are doing; then go 

 ahead. Never trifle with cocaine. 



COCAINE SUBSTITUTES are based on the fact that 

 the local anesthetic action of cocaine is due to the 

 radical of benzoic acid therein being in combination 

 with a nitrogen-containing base. Cocaine is methyl- 

 benzoyl-ecgonin; and the substitutes are synthetic 

 compounds, such as the ethyl, propyl, and isobutyl 

 esters of para-amino-benzoic acid and combinations 

 of benzoic acid with derivatives of an amino-amyl 

 alcohol. Most of them are less toxic than cocaine, 

 and some of them dilate the blood vessels, which 

 may be an undesirable property. 



ALYPIN is one-half as toxic as cocaine, is not 



