Botanic Remedies 249 



ANTIDOTES. Repeatedly wash out the stomach. 

 Give emetics and potassium permanganate well 

 diluted and then wash out again. Caffeine (strong 

 black coffee) and tannin should be used. In the 

 emergency ward in my hospital service I have seen 

 really remarkable effects from the persistent use 

 of the faradic current after respiration had nearly 

 ceased. These patients were kept warm and given 

 hypodermic injections of ether and inhalations of 

 oxygen. Atropine is a physiologic antidote to be 

 used only with the greatest care, it at all. 



APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE is the hydro- 

 chloride of an alkaloid prepared from morphine by 

 the abstraction of one molecule of water. Stimu- 

 lates the medullary centers and produces, in suffi- 

 cient dosage, immediate vomiting. Smaller doses 

 are expectorant, nauseating, and depressing. Look 

 out for collapse, especially in infants. Apomor- 

 phine is most too convenient as an emetic; hence it 

 is too often used. Don't use it in narcotic poisoning. 

 The emetic dose is 1-12 grain for the adult hypo- 

 dermically, and 1-6 grain by mouth; expectorant, 

 1-20 grain. Usually given by hypodermic injection 

 for its emetic action. In my opinion, this drug 

 should never be used as an expectorant, and cer- 

 tainly not in the U. S. P. dose, and rarely as an 

 emetic. It is a highly dangerous drug when given 

 to children. 



APOCODEINE has been prepared; but it is not 

 emetic, though powerfully expectorant. It has been 

 employed as a hypodermic purgative. It is, thus 

 far, purely on an experimental basis. 



There are a number of less defined products of, 

 and derivatives from, opium, some of them being 



