EVOLUTION AND SOCIOLOGY. 47 



the horizontal and the vertical view of Nature, be- 

 tween the phenomena and the law, between all the 

 sciences that ever were and the one science which 

 resolves them all, and the confusions and contra- 

 dictions of Evolution are reconciled. The man who 

 deals with Nature statically, who catalogues the 

 phenomena of life and mind, puts on each its museum 

 label, and arranges them in their separate cases, may- 

 well defy you to co- relate such diverse wholes. To 

 him Evolution is alike impossible and unthinkable. 

 But these items that he labels are not wholes. And 

 the world he dissects is not a museum, but a living, 

 moving and ascending thing. The sociologist's bus- 

 iness is with the vertical section, and he who has to 

 do with this living, moving, and ascending thing 

 must treat it from the dynamic point of view. 



The significant thing for him is the study of Evolu- 

 tion on its working side. And he will find that nearly 

 all the phenomena of social and national life are 

 phenomena of these two principles — the Struggle for 

 Life, and the Struggle for the Life of Others. Hence 

 he must betake himself in earnest to see what these 

 mean in Nature, what gathers round them as they 

 ascend, how each acts separately, how they work 

 together, and whither they seem to lead. More than 

 ever the method of Sociology must be biological. 

 More urgently than ever "the time has come for a 

 better understanding and for a more radical method ; 

 for the social sciences to strengthen themselves by 

 sending their roots deep into the soil underneath from 

 which they spring, and for the biologist to advance 

 over the frontier and carry the methods of his science 

 boldly into human society, where he has but to deal 



