NOMENCLATURE OF LEI'IDOPTERA. 3II 



{b) It must conform to the characters originally assigned (in- 

 cluding the meaning of the name), unless direct error of observation 

 can be inferred. 



{c) Subsequent restrictions of the genus, which conform to 

 these rules, must be adopted in their historical order. 



{d) If, after this is done, the type may still be one of several 

 species, it may be fixed at discretion. 



The process of fixing a type by these rules is admittedly some- 

 times tedious and complicated, but it is logical. The selection of 

 the first species in the list of those originally included has no justifi- 

 cation whatever ; we might as well choose the last, and better the 

 middle one. The species placed first is usually not the most typical 

 but the most exceptional." 



77. KiRBY (W. F.). 



" Heterotypical genera. 



I. No species can be accepted as the type which 



{a) was not included in it by the author of the genus, when he 

 proposed the name, 



(/;) nor any which does not correspond to the characters, or to 

 the meaning of the generic name, if any. For example, I hold that 

 bocticiis is not an admissible type for Polyoviinatus, Latreille, as 

 against Corydo7i, and other spotted species ; nor Polytes of Laer- 

 tiades, Hiibner, as against Ulysses." 



[Vide Kirby 87, 89, 91. Durrani?^ 



78. Fernald (C. H.). 



" I should select as the type of a heterotypical genus that species 

 which most nearly answers the characters given for the genus by 

 the author who established it. In case they all agree with these 

 characters equally well, I would take the first one as the type. In 

 case two or more agree with these characters equally well and 

 others are associated with them which do not, I would take the first 

 in order of those which do agree with the characters. If, how- 

 ever, the author specified the type I would adopt it unless there was 

 a glaring error in the case. I should adopt the same course when 

 the type is specified by a later author, but should adopt that speci- 

 fied by the earliest author." 



79. Smith (J. B.). 



" Assuming a very comprehensive description of a genus, suflS- 

 cient to include a considerable variety of forms from which it 

 becomes necessary to select a type, I would be guided b}' the 

 following considerations : — 



First: No species not considered by the author of the genus 

 when he first proposed it can be considered its type. 



