312 APPENDIX A. 



Second: No species not actually known to him or known only 

 from a figure or description can be held as a type. 



Third: No species in any way contradicting any part of the 

 description can be so used. 



Fourth: The assumption should be that the author is most 

 familiar with the species of his own country, has the best supply of 

 material of the most common species, and is most familiar with the 

 early stages, if referred to, of such as are most abundant near his 

 home. Hence foreign species should be primarily excluded and 

 the type sought in that species agreeing with the author's descrip- 

 tion, of which the author has most to say and with which he shows 

 the greatest familiarity. Nevertheless, subject to the first, second 

 and third considerations, subsequent authors may change or restrict 

 as it suits them, and limitations must be accepted in the order in 

 which they are made. The law of priority should be rigorously 

 applied save that no meaning contrary in any way to that attached 

 by the original author can be attached to any generic name." 



80. Snellen (P. C. T.). i5>;/. 1897. 



"Je rejette totalement le systeme des types generiques. Un 

 genre doit etre base sur une description sufifisante ; je ne reconnais 

 pas de types et je ne vois que des especes possedant plus ou moins 

 les caracteres requis." 



[Vide Walsingham 86. Durrant.'\ 



81. AURIVILLIUS (C). 



" This is the most difficult of all nomenclatorial questions. I 

 will first put down the following principles : — 



a. Every generic name must be fixed to a species, the nomen- 

 clatorial type of the genus. 



I agree with Mr Snellen, that a genus as a systematic idea has 

 no type, but is only determined by the description, which must 

 equally well be applicable to all the species of the genus, and only 

 include characters common to all the species. A genus with many 

 species can therefore never be said to be founded on one of these 

 species only [Cf Verba Linnaei : ' Genus dabit characterem, non 

 character genus.'] From a practical and nomenclatorial point of 

 view, however, the name must always be connected with a certain 

 species. If we do not accept this, we must give up every hope for 

 unity in generic nomenclature. 



b.^ The type of a genus must be one of the species referred to 

 it at its founclation. 



<:. The description of a genus must in every point fit the 

 species which is to be elected the type, and no one has the right to 

 fix as the type a species which does not fully agree with the original 

 description of the genus. 



