I NOMENCLATURE OF LEPIDOPTERA. 323 



If the use of Phalaena for a genus in our sense was once 

 improper it is always improper and cannot be altered by Latreille's 

 or Lamarck's contrary action." 



QUESTION VII. b. 

 "What is the type of Tortrix, L. ?" 



Analysis of Replies. 



Viridana, L. 



I Hampson, 2 Walsingham, 3 Meyrick, 4 Kirby, 5 Fernald, 6 Smith, 

 7 Aurivillius, 8 Grote (9 Scudder and 10 Staudinger may be assumed to 

 concur). 



Result — : all agree. Durrani. 

 10 



REPLIES. 



107. Hampson (Sir G. R). 12 Sept. 1896. 



" The type of Tortrix, L. is cereana, which heads the list in the 

 1 2th edition and agrees with the definition of the genus in the 

 shape of the wings and their position in repose." 



[Vide Durrant 115. Hampson ultimately agreed that viridana is the 

 type; vide Hampson 116. Durrani?^ 



108. Walsingham (Lord). 



" The type of Tortrix, L. is viridana, L. 



The original definition of Tortrix, L. Syst. Nat. X. 496 (1758) 

 is : ' Alis obtusissimis ut fere retusis, planiusculis,' to which on 

 p. 530 the following restriction is added: 'Larvae contorquent & 

 filo connectunt folia, quae vorant & intra quae se recipiunt." This 

 prevents prasinana from being a possible type, for it does not 

 conform to the subsequent limitation. Toerner, Diss. Acad. Upsal. 

 III. 259 (1801), recharacterised Tot'trix as a 'genus' in the modern 

 sense as independent from Phalaena, but as he mentions no species 

 he cannot be considered to have affected the type provided that his 

 diagnosis (' Antennae filiformes. Alae ampliatae, obtusae ; margine 

 exteriore curvo') does not rule out any of the original Linnaean 



2 I 2 



