324 



APPENDIX A. 



types. [N.B. — It is stated that Thiinberg was really the author of 

 these Disscrtationes?\ 



Wdiworth, Prod. Lp. Br. 15 (1802), \Ad,ces prasiuajia, L. {=faganay 

 Hw. ) in ' Noctuae viridae,' a very proper correction of a Linnaean 

 error. Unfortunately however Lp. Br. 2 (1803), 399 (181 2), he 

 replaces it in Tortrix, but his previous restriction which was 

 justified must be held to exclude this species from being a possible 

 type of the genus. 



Leach, Edmb. Encycl. 135 (181 5), c\\xoiQS, prasinana, L. {=fagana, 

 Lch.) as the type of Tortrix, but this is held to be incorrect as the 

 species does not conform to the larval definition. 



Frolich, Enii-m. Tortr. Wiirt. 9 — ii (1828), and Treitschke, 

 Schm. Eur. VII. 228 — 30 (1829): viii. 45 (1830), do hot affect the 

 type, but Stephens, Cat. Br. Ins. ll. 168 (1829), mentions only one 

 of the species included in the genus by Linnaeus which fixes the 

 type as viridana, L., and in ///. Br. Ent. Haust. I v. 66, 68 (1834) 

 Stephens gives reasons for considering this species the type. In 

 this he has been followed by all subsequent authors (with the 

 exception of Duponchel and Zetterstedt), and as it is an eminently 

 typical species agreeing with the original and supplementary 

 definitions of Linnaeus there is no reason to dispute this consensus 

 of opinion. Therefore I regard viridana as the type, despite Sir 

 George Hampson's citation of cereana, which was not an original 

 type (being described subsequent to the loth edition) and which 

 moreover does not conform to the diagnosis of the larval habits of 

 the genus. 



Fabricius in 1775 by an error of judgment transferred the 

 Linnaean name Pyralis to the group which Linnaeus had desig- 

 nated Tortrix, raising it to generic rank and citing nearly all the 

 species known to Linnaeus ; his subsequent writings did not affect 

 the type. Lamarck, Syst. An. sans Vert. 287 (1801) rede.scribed 

 * Pyralis, F. (nee L.), and cited vi)'idana, L. as the type ; thus 

 whether we study the genus under its Linnaean or Fabrician name 

 the fact is equally brought home to us that the species considered 

 typical by an overwhelming majority of authors is viridana, L. 



[Poda in 1761 had enumerated two species as belonging to 

 Tortrix, of these prasina, Poda (= bicolorana, Fuessl.), and the 

 other avellana, Poda, is considered to represent corylana, F., both 

 non-Linnaean species, so the question of type was not affected.]" 



109. Meyrick (E.). 



" I accept viridana, L. as the type of Tortrix, L., the reasons 

 being sufficiently stated by Lord Walsingham**; but I may add 

 that the meaning of the name Tortrix (obviously referring to the 

 leaf-rolling habit of the larva) is sufficient in itself to disqualif}- 

 prasinana, as well as cereana." 



[** Reply 108. Diirrantl\ 



