NOMENCLATURE OF LEPIDOPTERA. 333 



type, and consequently his genus Pandemis was from its origin 

 a synonym of Tortrix. The synonymy had thus become esta- 

 blished, and it was not open to Brown to disturb it. 



(i) ToRTRix, Jones 



Type T. atrana, Jones (Smith 1855) 

 Tortrix, Jones (1850) /^^rz/wz 

 = Pandemis, Smith (1855), type atrana, Jones. 



(2) Heterognomon, Smith 



Type T. viridana, Jones (Smith 1855) 

 = Tortrix, Jones (1850) pavtivi 

 Heterognomon, Smith (1855), type viridana, Jones 

 = *T0RTRIX, Brown (i860), nee Jones + Smith. 



The only rule governing this decision is the Law of Priority, 

 of which the above is a crucial test. Such cases frequently occur 

 and confusion must constantly arise tending to defer the attainment 

 of desirable finality if this one great fundamental law is not applied 

 with absolutely precise method." 



[Vide Walsingham 151. Diirrmit?^ 



143. Meyrick (E.). 



" Applying the above rules " [vide Meyrick "j^, Dui'rant\ "to this 

 special case, and assuming that the definitions of the imaginary 

 genera, and the meaning of their names, offer no help in fixing the 

 types (which would probably be seldom the case), then clear!}' 

 Smith's genus Heterog}iomon is good, and stands with viridana as 

 its type ; but in forming it he restricts Tortrix, Jones, to atrana 

 only, which therefore becomes the type of Tortrix ; hence his 

 second genus Pandemis lapses as a mere synonym of Tortrix. 

 Brown in i860 comes in altogether too late, and can effect 

 nothing." 



144. Kirbv (W. F.). 



" In the case supposed if both species agreed equally well in all 

 particulars with the characters and name of Tortrix, Jones, either 

 would be an admissible type ; but in such a case I think the first 

 species should have a prior claim to be regarded as the type, and 

 hence I think Brown's action was justified, as Smith's action really 

 left the matter quite undecided. Hence the synonymy would stand 

 thus : — 



(i) Tortrix, Jones ; Brown (restr.). 

 = Heterognomon, Smith. 



(2) Pandemis, Smith. 



= Tortrix, p. Jones (nee Brown)." 



