334 



APPENDIX A. 



145. Fernald (C. H.). 



" If Smith established the genus Heterognomon with viridana as 

 the type earher in the year 1855 than he did Paiideniis, either in a 

 different book or in a part of the same book, but published earlier, 

 he thereby purified Tortrix by removing viridana. At this stage 

 of the work we had two genera, each containing a single species 

 which we must regard as the types ( Tortrix atrana and Hetero- 

 gnomon viridana). If Smith in a later work, or in part of the same 

 work published later, established the genus Pandeniis with atrana 

 as the type, we have as a result two genera with the same type, and 

 hence the latest one published {Pandeniis) is a synonym of the 

 other ( Tortrix). This is a simple application of the law of priority 

 as it seems to me. If, however, Smith published his two genera in 

 the same book and even on the same page, the one immediately 

 following the other, I think we must then recognize priority of page 

 and even of position on the same page. If we do this we shall 

 obtain the result as before. It is presumable that an author pre- 

 pares his manuscript in the order that it appears on the printed 

 page, and therefore the earlier name on the page or in the same 

 book should take precedence over a later one, if they prove to be 

 synonymous. The matter was all settled before Brown came in so 

 he could do nothing except to add to the synonymy. It then 

 stood as follows : — 



Tortrix, Jones (Type atrana). 



= Pandeniis, Smith. 

 Heterognomon, Smith (Type viridana). 



= Tortrix, Jones (in part). 



= Tortrix, Brown." 



146. Smith (J. B.). 



" Taking the proposition in its simplest form the synonymy 

 would stand : 



Heterognomon, Smith. 



viridana, Jones = Tortrix viridana, Jones. 

 Tortrix, Jones. 



atrana, ]or\es = Pandemis atrana. Smith. 



Or, in another way : 



Heterognomon, Smith = Tortrix, Jones (part) ; Brown in 

 error. 



Tortrix, Jones = Pandemis, Smith. 



This assumes that Jones's original description of T't'/'/z'/lr applied 

 equally to both species, and pointed to neither viridana nor atra?ia. 

 In a book containing descriptions of many genera and species, no 

 one name can be properly said to have priority over another. All 

 are published at the same time, and the name on page lOO bears 



