232 ' DRY FARMING 



to control than the eastern species {Agropyron repens). 

 The chief methods of combating it in breaking are : — 



1. Plowing all the land and leaving no skips or misses. 



2. Plowing shallow early in June and plowing again 

 deep late in the summer. 



3. On less "grassy" land in more dry areas, and par- 

 ticularly in dry seasons, deep breaking followed by 

 timely and sufficient surface cultivation may kill 

 the native Quack but seldom kills the Sweet grass so 

 frequently found in low moist places. 



The chief means of controlling Quack or other creep- 

 ing rooted grasses in stubble fields, are : — 



1. Plowing in the fall — a "dry" time. 



2. Plowing in spring and seeding at once to a leafy 

 crop such as oats or barley. 



When present in the fallow, Quack grass may be con- 

 trolled by, — 



1. Plowing and digging out the roots with a spring 

 tooth cultivator — always costly and not always an 

 efficient method, but sometimes advisable and neces- 

 sary. 



2. Plowing twice, preferably shallow in the fall and 

 deep in the late June or early July following. 



Rose bushes can be controlled in much the same ways 

 but when backsetting, or plowing stubble, or plowing 

 fallow the second time, deeper work is necessary and 

 more deep surface cultivation is desirable. 



The Canada Thistle and Perennial Sow thistles in 

 stubble are also very difficult to control. In addition to 

 the practices suggested above for Quack grass, frequent 

 and thorough surface cultivation with cultivators having 

 sharp cutting blades is desirable. After giving the 

 plants as serious a set back as possible by deep plowing. 



