OPIUM. 



59 



NATURAL ALKALOIDS OF OPIUM 



and a few of their Artijicial Derivatives. 



DISCOVKRBD BY 



WShler, 1844 .. 



Hesse, 1871 



Matthiessen aud ) 

 Wright, 1869 .. ) 



Wright, 1S71 .. 

 SertOmer, 1816 



Pelletier and Thi- 

 boumery, 1835 



:} 



Matthiessen and ) 

 Bumside, 1871 .. J 



Wright, 1871 .. 

 Robiquet, 1832 



Matthiessen and ) 



Foster, 1868 . . J 



Thiboum6ry, 1835 .. 



Hesse, 1870 

 e, 1870 



Hesse, 1871 .. 



Matthiessen and ) 

 Foster, 1868 ..) 

 Hesse, 1871 .. 



Hesse, 1870 



Hesse, 1878 



Merck, 1848 



Hesse, 1S65 



Hesse, 1865 



Armstrong, 1871 

 e, 1870 .. 



T. A H. Smith, 1864. 



Hesse, 1871 . 

 Derosne, 1803 . 

 B, 1870 . 



Pelletier, 1832 



T. & H. Smith, 1878. 



COTARSIXB 



Formed by oxidizing narcotine ; soluble in water. 



..1. HYDROCOTARNINB .. 

 CrystalUzable, alkaline, volatile at 100'. 



Apomorphisb 



From morphine, by hydrochloric acid. Colourless, 



amorphous, tmijing green by exposure to air; 



emetic. 

 Dbsoxtmorphise 



2. MORPHINE 



Crystallisable, alkaline, levo^'yre. 



.. 3. PSEUDOMORPHINE .. 

 Crystallizes with H*0 ; does not unite even with 

 aoeUc acid. 



Afocodkixk 



From codeine by chloride of zinc; amorphous, emetic 



DE80KTC0DBISB 



4. CODEINE 



Crystallizable, alkaline, soluble in water. 



XORXARCOTISE 



5. THEBAINE 



Crystallizable, alkaline, isomeric with bniine. 



Thebksixb 



Thbbaicixb .. .. .. 



F^m thebaine or thebenine by hydrochloric add. 



6. PROTOPINE 



Crystallizable, alkaline. 

 Mbthtlxorsabcwtc'e . . 



DEmsROPrsB 



Not yet isolated. 



7. LAUDANINE 



An alkaloid which, as well as its salts, forms large 

 crystals ; turns orange by hydrochloric acid. 



8. CODAMINE 



Crystallizable, alkaline ; can be sublimed; becomes 

 g^reen by nitric acid. 



9. PAPAVERINE 



Crjstallizable, also its hydrochlorate; sulj^ate in 

 sulphuric acid precipitated by ^■ater. 



10. RHCEADINE 



Crystallizable, not distinctly alkaline ; can be sub- 

 limed ; occura also in Papaver Rhaat. 



Rhckagksisk 



From rhoeadine ; crystallizable, alkaline. 



DDtBTHTLSORXARCOTTNE 



11. MECONIDINE 

 Amorphous, alkaline, melts at 58", not stable, the 



salts also easily altered. 



12. CRYPTOPINE 

 Crystallizable, alkaline ; salts tend to gelatinize ; hy- 

 drochlorate crystallizes in tvifts. 



13. liAUDANOSINE 

 Crystallizable, alkaline. 



14. NARCOTINE 



Crystallizable, not alkaline; salts not stable. 



15. LANTHOPINE 



Microscopic crystals not alkaline, sparingly soluble 



in hot or cold spirit of wine, ether or benzol. 



16. NARCEINE 



Crystallizable (as a hydrate , readily soluble in boil- 

 ing water or in alkalis, lerc^yre. 



17. GNOSCOPINE 

 Crystallizable, melts at 233'', soluble in chlon^orm 

 and bisulphide of carbon, slightly so in benzol, 

 not in ether. The salts hare an acid reaction. 



U 



17 



18 



2S 



19 



21 



N 



