114 . AURANTIACEiE. 



used than the drug itself. The leaves afford about | per cent, of the 

 nitrate. 



The occurrence of another peculiar alkaloid in Pilocarpus has been 

 asserted, but not ultimately proved. 



The leaves contain about | per cent, of essential oil, the prevailing 

 constituent of it being a dextrogyrate terpene, C^^H^^ boiling at 178", 

 which forms a crystallized compound C^^H^" + 2HC1 melting at 

 49°-5 C. 



Uses — Pilocarpine being a powerful diaphoretic and sialagogue, 

 the leaves of Jaborandi are used to some extent in pharmaceutical 

 preparations. 



Other Kinds of Jaborandi — This name, as above stated, has 

 originally been given to plants of the order Piperaceae, some of which 

 are still known in Brazil under the name Jaborandi. The following 

 may be quoted as being used at least in that country : Serronia 

 Jaborandi^ Gaudichaud, Piper reticulatum L. {Enckea Miquel), Piper 

 citrifoliuTn Lamarck {Steffensia Kunth), Piper noduloswm Link," 

 Artanthe mollicoma Miq. 



Aubletia trifolia- Richard (Monniera L.) and Xantlioxylum, elegmis 

 Engler, belonging to the same order as Pilocarpus itself, are also some- 

 times called Jaborandi. 



We are not aware that other leaves than those of Pilocarpus are 

 imported to some extent in Europe under the name of Jaborandi. 



AURANTIACEiE. 



FRUCTUS LIMONIS. 



Lemion; F. Citron, Limon; G. Citrone, Limone. 



Botanical Origin — Citrus Limonwni Risso (C. Medica var. ^ Linn.), 

 a small tree 10 to 15 feet in height, planted here and there in gardens 

 in many sub-tropical countries, but cultivated as an object of industry 

 on the Mediterranean coast between Nice and Genoa, in Calabria, 

 Sicily, Spain, and Portugal. 



The tree which is supposed to represent the wild state of the lemon 

 and lime, and as it seems to us after the examination of numerous 

 specimens in the herbarium of Kew, of the citron (Citrus Medica Risso) 

 also, is a native of the forests of Northern India, where it occurs in the 

 valleys of Kumaon and Sikkim. 



The cultivated lemon-tree is of rather irregular growth, with foliage 

 somewhat pallid, sparse, and uneven, not forming the fine, close head 

 of deep green that is so striking in the orange-tree. The young shoots 

 are of a dull purple; the flowers, which are produced all the year 

 except during the winter, and are in part hermaphrodite and in part 

 unisexual, have the corolla externally purplish, internally white, and a 

 delicate aroma distinct from that of orange blossom. The fruit is pale 

 yellow, ovoid, usually crowned by a nipple. 



^ Already known to Piso. ing to Peckolt. Dragendorffs Jahreshericht, 



^ The original Jaborandi of Piso, accord- 1875. 163. 



