LIGNUM PTEROCARPI. 199 



the otherwise solid wood which are often parallel to the annual rings. 

 In such place the kino, which is at lirst a viscid liquid, becomes inspis- 

 sated and subsequently hard and brittle. It may also be obtained in 

 a liquid state by incisions in the stems of growing trees : such liquid 

 kino has occasionally been brought into the London market ; it is a 

 viscid treacle-like fluid, yielding by evaporation about 35 per cent, of 

 solid kino.^ 



Authentic specimens of the kino of 16 species o( Eucalyptus sent 

 from Australia by F. von Muller, have been examined by Wiesner of 

 Vienna.' He found the drug to be in most cases readily soluble in 

 water or in spirit of wine, the solution being of a very astringent taste. 

 The solution gave with sulphuric acid a pale red, liocculent precipitate 

 of Kino-tannic Acid ; with perchloride of iron (as in common kino) a 

 dusky greenish precipitate, — except in the case of the kino of .£". obliqua 

 L'Her. (Stringy-bark Tree), the solution of which was coloured dark 

 violet. 



Wiesner further states, that Eucalyptus kino aifords a little 

 Catechin ' and Pyrocatechin. It contains no pectinous matter, but 

 in some varieties a gum like that of Acacia. In one sort, the kino 

 of E. gigantea Hook.,^ gum is so abundant that the drug is nearly 

 insoluble in spirit of wine. 



By Etti's process, as given at page 197, we obtained kinoin from an 

 Australian Kino, which contained numerous fragments of the wood. 

 We noticed that both Australian and Malabar kino emitted a some- 

 what balsamic odour, when they were treated with hydrochloric 

 acid. 



From this examination, it is evident that the better varieties of Euca- 

 lyptus kino, such for instance as those derived from E. rostrata 

 Schlecht. (Red or White Gum, or Flooded Gwni of the colonists), E. 

 corytnbosa Sm. (Blood-wood) and E. citriodora Hook., possess the pro- 

 perties of Pterocarpus kino and might with no disadvantage be substi- 

 tuted for it. 



LIGNUM PTEROCARPI. 



Lignum SantaZinum rubruTn, Santcdum i^uhrwrn; Red Sanders 

 Wood, Ruby Wood ; F. Bois de Santal rouge ; G. Rothes Sandel- 

 holz, Gcdiaturholz. 



Botanical Origin — Pterocaryus santalinus Linn. fil. — A small 

 tree not often exceeding 3| to 4 feet in girth, and 20 to 25 feet in height; 

 it is closely related to Pt. Marsupiuvn Roxb., from which it differs 

 chieflj^ in having broader leaflets always in threes. It is a native of 

 the southern part of the Indian Peninsula, as Canara, Mysore, Travan- 

 core and the Coromandel Coast, but also occurs in Mindanao, in the 

 southern Philippines. In India the districts in which the wood is at 

 present chiefly obtained are the forests of the southern portion of the 



^ Victoria Exhibition, 1861. — Jiiroi-s' Re- ^ In our opinion this is doubtful. 



port on Class 3. p. 59. '*Bentham unites this species to A', obliqua 



- Zeitschrift cles osterreich. Apotheker- L'H^r {Flor. Austr. iii. 204). 

 Vereines ix. (1871) 497 ; Pkarm. Journ. 

 Aug. 5, 1871. 102. 



