CORTEX CINCHONiE. 353 



2. Calisaya Bark, Yellow Cinchona Bark^ — This bcark, which is the 

 most important of those commonly used in medicine, is found in flat 

 pieces (a.), and in quills (/3.), both afforded by C. Calisaya Wedd., 

 though usuall}'^ imported separated. 



a. Flat Calisaya — is in irregular flat pieces, a foot or more in length 

 by 3 to 4 inches wide, but usually smaller, and i^ to ^^ of an inch in 

 thickness; devoid of suberous layers and consisting almost solely of 

 liber, of uniform texture, compact and ponderous. Its colour is a rusty 

 orange-brown, with darker stains on the outer surface. The latter is 

 roughened with shallow longitudinal depressions, sometimes called 

 digital furrows.- The inner side has a wavy, close, fibrous texture. 

 The bark breaks transversely with a fibrous fracture; the fibres of the 

 broken ends are very short, easily detached, and with a lens are seen 

 to.be many of them faintly yellowish and translucent. 



A well-marked variety, known as Bolivian Calisaya, is distinguished 

 for its greater thinness, closer texture, and for containing numerous 

 laticiferous ducts which are wanting in common flat Calisaya bark. 



^. Quill Calisaya — is found in tubes f to 1^ inch thick, often 

 rolled up at both edges, thus forming double quills. They are always 

 coated with a thick, rugged, corky layer, marked with deep longitudinal 

 and transverse cracks, the edges of which are somewhat elevated. This 

 suberous coat, which is silvery white or greyish, is easily detached, 

 leaving its impression on the cinnamon-brown middle layer. The inner 

 side is dark brown and finely fibrous. The transverse fracture is fibrous 

 but very short. The same bark also occurs in quills of very small 

 size, and is then not distinguishable with certainty from Loxa bark. 



3. B£d Cinchona Bark. — Though still retaining a place in the British 

 PharmacopcBia, this is by far the least important of the Cinchona barks 

 employed in pharmacy. But as the tree yielding it (C. suecimbra) is 

 now being cultivated on a large scale in India, the bark may probably 

 come more freely into use. 



Red Bark of large sterns, which is the most esteemed kind, occurs in 

 the form of flat or channelled pieces, sometimes as much as | an inch in 

 thickness, coated with their suberous envelope which is nigged and 

 warty. Its outermost layer in the young bark has a silvery appearance. 

 The inner surface is close and fibrous and of a brick-red hue. The bark 

 breaks with a short fibrous fracture.^ 



(C.) Of the Barks not used in pharmacy — Among the non-officinal 

 barks, the most important are afforded by Cinchona landfolia Mutis 

 and C. pitayensis Wedd., natives of the Cordilleras of Columbia. 



These barks are largely imported and used for making quinine, the 

 former under the name of Columbian, Cart?iagena, or Caqueta bark. 

 It varies much in appearance, but is generally of an orange-brown ; 

 the corky coat, which scales off easily, is shining and whitish. The 

 barks of C. lancifolia often occur in fine large quUls or thick flattish 

 pieces. Their anatomical structure agi'ees in all varieties which we 

 have examined, in the remarkable number of thick-waUed and 



^ Cortex CinchotuB flawe. Cortex ChincE marks left by drawing the fingers over wet 

 regius ; F. Quinquina Calisaya; G. Konigs- clay. 

 china. 3 Thick Ked Bark that happens to have a 



* From the notion that they resemble the very deep and brilliant tint is eagerly 



bought at a high price for the Paris market. 



