APPENDIX. 761 



Peres — See Pires. 



Periplus Maris Erythrsei, a survey of the Red Sea and the Indian 

 Ocean as far as the coast of Malabar. In his interesting account, w-ritten about 

 between A.D. 54 and 68, the author, commonly called Arrian of Alexandria, 

 gives a list of imports and exports of the various places which he had visited 

 or of which he had good informations. See Vincent, Commerce and Naviga- 

 tion of the Ancients, etc. London, vol. i. (1800), ii. (1805); also C. Miiller, 

 Geographi grseci minores, i. (Paris, 1855) 257-305. Anonymi {Arriani ut 

 fertur) Periplus maris erythraei. 



See pages 35. 142. 272. 493. 520. 529. 577. 599. 664. 675. 680. 715. 



Physicians of Myddvai (Meddygon Myddfai). Ehys Gryg {i.e. the 

 Hoarse), prince of South Wales (died in 1233 at Llandeilo Vawr), had his 

 domestic physician, namely Khiwallon, who was assisted by his three sons 

 Cadwgan, Gruffydd, Einion, from a place called Myddvai, in the present county 

 of Caermarthen. They made a collection of recipes, the original manuscript of 

 which is in the British Museum. Another collection has been compiled, from 

 the original soiirces, by Howel the Physician, son of Ehys, son of Llewelyn, 

 son of Philip the Physician, a lineal descendant of Einion, the son of 

 Rhiwallon. Both these compilations have been published at Llandovery in 

 1861, together with a translation, by John Pughe, under the above title 

 (470 pp.y 



See pages 6. 40. 65. 71. 141. 157. 161. 170. 180. 299. 305. 310. 316. 334. 

 380. 383. 393. 401. 450. 464. 469. 476. 488. 556. 625. 635. 642. 652. 



Pires, Tome (or Pyres, Pirez, as he also writes his name himself), a 

 Portuguese apothecary. He was the firet ambassador sent, probably in 1511, 

 from Europe, or at least from Portugal, to China. Pires addressed, in 1512- 

 1516, several letters from Cochin and Malacca to the Admiral Affonso d' Albu- 

 querque and to King Manuel of Portugal: One of them, written January 27, 

 1516, from Cochin to the King, enumerates many drugs which were to be met 

 with in that place — "dando 1-lhe noticias das drogas da India," says the 

 writer. This letter, still existing in the Eeal y Nacional Archivo da Torre 

 do Tombo (corpo chronologico, part i. fasc. 19, No. 102), was communicated 

 in 1838 by Bishop Condo Don Francisco de San Luiz to the Portuguese 

 Pharmaceutical Society, and published in their " Jornal de Socied. Pharm. 

 Lusit. ii. (1838) 36." It will also be found in the pamphlet^ " Elogio historico 

 e noticia completa de Thome Pires, pharmaceutico e primeiro naturalista da 

 India; e o primeiro embaixador europeo a China. Memoria publicada na 

 Gazeta de Pharmacia por Pedro Jose da Silva." . . . Lisboa, 1866. 47 pp. 

 (" y 22 fac simile de sua signatura"). We had, moreover, before us an 

 authentic copy of the letter under notice, obligingly written 1st December, 

 1869, for one of us by Senhor Joaquim Urbano de Veiga, the Secretary of the 

 Sociedad Pharmaceutica Lusitana. According to Colmeiro, La Botdnica y los 

 Botanicos de la Peninsula Hispano-Lusitana, Madrid, 1858. 148, Peres was 

 attached to the factory of Malacca as a " scribano " (secretary?) and " por 

 tener conocimientos farmaceuticos," and was sent to China, with the character 

 of an ambassador, in order to examine more freely the plants. He was im- 

 prisoned, says Colmeiro, at Pekin, and there died soon after 1521 in prison. 

 Yet Abel Remiisat, in the 34th volume of the " Biographic universelle " (1823), 

 p. 498, and also in his " Nouveaux melanges asiatiques" ii. (1828) 203, states 

 that Pires proceeded first to Canton, and reached Pekin in 1521. From this 

 place he was sent to Canton and imprisoned for many years from political 

 causes. He was still living in 1543. 



See pages 43. 255. 681. 



' Library of the Pharm. Soc. of Great Britain, Loudon, among the " Pamphlets, No. 

 30 " (Sept. i878). 



