762 APPENDIX. 



Piso, Willem. The Dutch, having conquered in 1630 from the Spanish 

 the north-eastern part of the Brazilian coast, between Natal and Porto Calvo, 

 Count Johann Moriz von Nassavy-Siegen was appointed, in 1636, Governor- 

 General of these possessions. He left them in 1644; the history of his reign 

 is contained in the work of Barkens, Eerum per Octoennium . . . gestarum 

 . . . historia, Amstelodami, 1647. The Count had also instituted a scientific 

 exploration of the environs of Pernambuco (or Eecife), his residence, by his 

 physician Piso and Marcgraf, the friend of the latter (see M.), who lived also 

 at the Count's court. They devoted several years (from 1638 to 1641) 

 zealously to their task. The results of their investigations are found in — (1) 

 Historia naturalis Brasilise, published by Joh. de Laet, Lugd. Bat., 1643. (2) 

 Pisonis de meclicina hrasiliensi libri iv., et G. Marcgravii historice rerum na- 

 turalium Brasilice libri viii. Lugd. Bat., 1648. (3) Pisonis de utriusque 

 ludice historia naturali et meclica libri xiv. Amstelodami, 1658. 



See pages 27. 113. 114. 130. 152. 211. 228. 371. 591. 



Platearius, Matthseus, one of the most distinguished writers of the 

 famous medical school of Salerno, about the middle of the 12th century. He 

 compiled the remarkable dictionary of drugs, " Liber de simplici medicina," 

 which was extremely appreciated during the next centuries, and even reprinted 

 as late as the beginning of the 17th century. The work begins with a defini- 

 tion of the signification of the term Simplex medicina; it is in these words: 

 Circa installs negotium de simplicibus medicinis nostrum versatur propositum. 

 Simplex autem medicina est, quae talis est, qualis a natura producitur: ut 



gariofilus, nux muscata et similia The work of Platearius is therefore 



usually quoted under the name Circa instans. The list of the 273 drugs 

 enumerated in "Circa instans " will be found in Choulant {I.e. at p. 751), p. 298. 

 We have referred to " Circa instans" as contained in the volumes — Dispen- 

 sarium magistri Nicolai praepositi ad aromatarios, Lugduni, 1517, or Practica 

 Jo. Serapionis, Lugd. 1525. 



See pages 225. 316. 581. 



Plinius (Cajus Plinius Secundus), A.D. 23-79, the well-known author of 

 the " Naturalis historioi libri xxxvii." We have particularly used Littrd's 

 translation, " Histoire naturelle de Pline," published in 2 vols, by Firmin 

 Didot, Paris, 1877. 



See pages 6. 35. 43. 97. 147. 161. 179. 234. 276. 281. 291. 305. 310. 325. 

 329. 333. 377. 434. 439. 474. 486. 488. 493. 503. 519. 529. 543. 556. 558. 576. 

 595. 609. 627. 644. 661. 664. 672. 677. 680. 729. 733. 



Plukenet, Leonard, 1642-1706, physician, director of the Royal gardens, 

 London ; collector of a large herbarium still existing in the British Museum. 

 See page 16. 



Polo, Marco, a noble Venetian, the most famous among mediaeval 

 travellers. He spent 25 years, from 1271 to 1295, in Asia, chiefly in China. 

 The account of his travels was written, in French, in 1298, hj Busticiano of 

 Pisa, and published since in numerous translations and abstracts. We have 

 chiefly referred to the two followihg excellent works : (1) Pauthier. Le 

 livre de Marco Polo, publie pour la premiere fois d'aprfes trois manuscrits 

 in^dits de la Biblioth^ue imperiale de Paris, 1865. (2) YuU. The book of 

 Ser Marco Polo the Venetian, concerning the kingdom and marvels of the 

 East, with notes and illustrations. 2 vols, London, 1871, second edition 

 1874. 



See pages 200. 282. 494. 510. 512. 520. 584. 636. 717. 



Pomet, Pierre, " marchand epicier et droguiste a Paris, rue des Lom- 

 bards, a la Barbe d'Or." — Histoire g6nerale des drogues, 1694, fol. 528 pages, 

 400 engravings. There are later editions in 2 vols., 4°; that of 1 735 by the 



