ACHATINA, EAST AFRICA. 57 



pi. 20, f. 2. 1 1 1 Bulimus lineatus PERRY, Conchology, pi. 

 30, f. 5 (bad), 1811. 



(Abnormal or pathologic forms.) 



Achatina fulica var. e, umbilicata PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 

 254 (based upon Reeve, C. Icon., pi. 11, f. 8c). NEVILL, 

 Handlist Moll. Ind. Mus., i, p. 145 (Mauritius). Achatina 

 rediviva J. MABILLE, Bull, de la Soc. Philomathique de Paris 

 (9 ser.), iii, p. 57 (1901), Mauritius. A. fulica MARTENS, in 

 V. d. Decken's Reisen in Ost-Afrika, iii, p. 58, pi. 2, f. 1&, lc 

 (Seychelles). 



A. fulica BRANCSIK, Jahresheft des Naturwiss. Yereines 

 des Trencsener Comitates, xv, 1893, p. 204, pi. 6, f. 6 (geni- 

 talia of a scalariform spec, from Bali Bay, Madagascar). 

 A. f. scalarioides NEVILL, Handlist, p. 145 (1878), Mauri- 

 tius; nude name. 



A. mauritiana var. sinistrorsa GRATELOUP, Actes Soc. Linn. 

 Bordeaux, xi, 1839, p. 415, pi. 2, f. 6 (good). Madagascar. 



A. fulica is characterized by the glossy surface, without 

 spiral striae on the last whorl, which is quite rounded and 

 convex. It varies widely in markings, but the last whorl 

 of the adult shell is usually obscurely clouded and streaked, 

 while the spire is more broadly marked with irregular stripes. 

 Many small specimens, or those not adult, have the last 

 whorl boldly maculate or striped, as in fig. 18 of pi. 36, and 

 fig. 24 of pi. 37. PI. 36, fig. 19, represents^ specimen from 

 the type locality, and agreeing with Ferussac's type figure. 

 Fig. 20 represents a large specimen from Madagascar. 



From the fact that A. fulica occurs only near cultivated 

 lands, it has been generally believed that its distribution 

 in Mauritius, the Seychelles and Bourbon has been effected 

 by human agency; intentionally, for use as food, or other- 

 wise. No definite record of such introduction is extant, and 

 it probably belongs to the early period of settlement. It is 

 likely that A. fulica was originally an East African form, 

 though it may have been differentiated in Madagascar. 



Benson took specimens from Mauritius to Calcutta in 1847, 



