Dilatation of Surface Veins 301 



thus, when a tumour of the liver blocks the inferior vena cava, some 

 of the blood from below finds its way into the intercostal, axillary, and 

 subclavian veins. In hepatic congestion also, and especially in cir- 

 rhosis, the portal vein may be greatly relieved by the anastomosis 

 of veins at the back of the liver with those of the abdominal wall. 

 Occasionally in cirrhosis the superficial epigastric and mammary veins 

 are enormously dilated. 



Right nipple 



Dilatation of super- 

 ficial epigastric and 

 internal mammary 

 veins due to ob- 

 struction of vena 

 cava. (From a 

 photograph. Dr. 

 SUCKLING.) 



Umbilicus 



L 



Of the superficial lymphatics, those from above the level of the 

 navel enter the glands of the armpit, and those from below it pass to 

 the glands of the groin. Some of the lymphatics of the abdominal 

 walls are in correspondence with the lumbar and pelvic series, and 

 some pass to glands in the anterior mediastinum. 



The cutaneous nerves are from the terminations of the lower inter- 

 costals, from the anterior divisions of the lower lateral cutaneous 

 branches, and from the ilio-hypogastric of the firstl umbar nerve. In 

 the case of pressure upon the parent trunks of these nerves, pain is 

 referred to their terminal filaments ; thus pain along the front of the 

 belly is a common symptom of spinal caries (p. 210). One or two 

 of these nerves may be implicated in inflammation perineuritis 

 when there is pain in the area supplied by them, and after a time a 

 series of vesicles may appear in the course of the nerve, the result 

 of impaired nutrition. This eruption, which may occupy the length 



