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PART V 

 THE LOWER EXTREMITY 



Surface markings. The furrow corresponding to Pouparfs liga- 

 ment extends from the front of the iliac crest to the pubic spine. From 

 the spine the pubic crest may be traced inwards to the symphysis. 

 From the sub-pubic arch the rami of the pubes and ischium may be 

 followed to the ischial tuberosity. 



When inquiring if a hernia be inguinal or femoral, the inner border 

 of the hand should be laid along the line of Poupart's ligament ; if the 

 protrusion be chiefly above the hand it is inguinal, if below, femoral, 

 for a femoral hernia comes up from the saphenous opening. The spine 

 of the pubes is above and to the inner side of a femoral hernia. 



Below Poupart's ligament is a triangular depression corresponding 

 to Scarpa's triangle, and from its apex, which points downwards and 

 inwards, runs a shallow groove in which the femoral vessels and the 

 sartorius descend. 



The line of the artery is drawn when the limb is slightly flexed 

 A 



A B, Ne"laton's line ; c D, measurement from Bryant's belt-line to top of trochanter ; the line 

 A c should be continued round the body. 



and everted, from the middle of the interval between the iliac spine 

 and pubic symphysis, to the inner femoral condyle. Roughly, but not 



