STREPTOCOCCUS PERNICIOSUS PSITTACORUM 91 



panied by chilly sensations and an elevation of temperature. Persons 

 who had recently recovered from an attack of erysipelas proved to be 

 immune. 



STREPTOCOCCUS PERNICIOSUS PSITTACORUM. 



Found by Eberth and Wolff in parrots imported into Europe, the 

 mortality being very great. Nodules were present on the surface of 

 the lungs, spleen, and kidneys. In the bloodvessels of the nodules, 

 and in the heart's blood, medium -sized cocci were found with a ten- 

 dency to form chains (it must, however, be noted that parrots often 

 die of bird typhoid or chicken cholera) which, with an inferior lens, 

 might be easily mistaken for cocci. Further, parrots are also often 

 affected with tuberculosis, and during the course of that disease mixed 

 infection with streptococci might occur (Hirsch and Kolle). 



The disease produced by this organism is of considerable import- 

 ance, as being probably the source of some obscure forms of lung 

 infection in man, which have been traced to diseased parrots kept as 

 pets. 



DIPLOCOCCUS OF PNEUMONIA (FRAENKEL). 



STREPTOCOCCUS LANCEOLATUS (PASTEUR). 



This organism occurs frequently in the exudate in pneumonia and 

 secondary affections associated with that disease (pleuritis, pericarditis, 

 peritonitis, meningitis, endocarditis, etc.). It is usually present in 

 the sputum of pneumonic patients, and it is also found in normal 

 sputum of healthy individuals. 



Microscopical Appearances. Spherical or oval cocci, usually 

 occurring in pairs, but sometimes forming chains of three or four elements. 

 In stained specimens from the fibrinous exudates of croupous pneumonia, 

 and from the blood of inoculated animals, a capsule is visible surrounding 

 the cocci. It is also occasionally seen on stained preparations from the 

 surface of cultures or blood serum. (See Photomicrograph, Plate IV., 

 Fig. 21.) 



Motility. Non-motile. 



Staining Reactions. The diplococci stain readily with the usual 

 aniline stains, and by the Gram method, which distinguishes it from 

 Friedlaiider's bacillus of pneumonia, the latter being decolorized. 



To demonstrate the capsules in cover-glass specimens, place the 

 specimen in 1 per cent, acetic acid for one minute, dry, and stain with 

 Ehrlich's anilin water gentian violet, or stain by Johne's method. See 

 Technique, 22. (See Photomicrograph, Fig. 18, stained by Johne's 

 method.) 



