114 SPECIAL BACTERIOLOGY 



ing in the ordinary media at room and incubator temperature, but only 

 in the absence of oxygen. 



On Gelatine Plates the growth is similar to the Bacillus subtilis. 



On Agar Plates it forms a thick network of threads. 



In Stab Cultures in grape sugar gelatine the growth begins about J to 

 J of an inch below the surface of the medium in the form of a white strip, 

 with side branches sprouting out (see Photograph, Fig. 38). 



On Agar Stab Cultures the growth exhibits nothing characteristic. 



Bouillon becomes cloudy from the formation of gas. 



Growing cultures have a most unpleasant smell. 



In Milk a part of the casein is precipitated. 



Pathogenesis. Affects guinea-pigs, rabbits, and mice. The strength 

 of pure cultures when inoculated into susceptible animals is very variable. 

 When a small pocket is made in the skin of a mouse and as much 

 malignant oedema containing earth as will cover the point of a knife 

 introduced, the animal will die in one to two days. Examination shows 

 a general subcutaneous oedema, which contains large numbers of the 

 bacilli (see Photomicrograph, Fig. 39). The bacilli do not pass into the 

 internal organs unless the animal is left lying some time after it is dead. 



Two cases of malignant oedema are recorded in man. They were sick 

 with typhoid fever, and died three days after receiving a musk injection, 

 by which means some malignant oedema colonies were introduced into 

 the subcutaneous tissue. The infection of a healthy man has not been 

 observed. Koch mentions a case of mixed infection of malignant 

 oedema and anthrax in a guinea-pig. The following other animals are 

 also susceptible : Goats, calves, sheep, horses, swine, cats, dogs, chickens, 

 pigeons, and ducks ; while cattle are immune. 



The virus is weakened when passed through the body of a white rat. 



Immunity. Chamberland and Roux rendered guinea-pigs 

 immune by injecting intraperitoneally bouillon cultures which had 

 been sterilized in an autoclave ten minutes at 105 to 110 C. 



BACILLUS ANTHRACIS SYMPTOMATIC! 



(Ger. Bact. des Rauschbrands ; Fr, Bact. du Charbon Sympto- 

 matique ; Eng. Symptomatic Anthrax, Black Quarter, etc.) 



This organism was first discovered by Bollinger in cattle affected 

 with symptomatic anthrax, and further studied by MM. Arloing, 

 Cornevin, and Thomas, Kitasato being the first to obtain cultures 

 on solid media. 



The characteristic lesions produced by this organism are emphy- 

 sematous swellings of the muscular and subcutaneous tissues of the 



